Copyright © 2010-2019 Linux Foundation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales as published by Creative Commons.
This version of the Yocto Project Reference Manual is for the 2.5.3 release of the Yocto Project. To be sure you have the latest version of the manual for this release, go to the Yocto Project documentation page and select the manual from that site. Manuals from the site are more up-to-date than manuals derived from the Yocto Project released TAR files.
If you located this manual through a web search, the version of the manual might not be the one you want (e.g. the search might have returned a manual much older than the Yocto Project version with which you are working). You can see all Yocto Project major releases by visiting the Releases page. If you need a version of this manual for a different Yocto Project release, visit the Yocto Project documentation page and select the manual set by using the "ACTIVE RELEASES DOCUMENTATION" or "DOCUMENTS ARCHIVE" pull-down menus.
To report any inaccuracies or problems with this
manual, send an email to the Yocto Project
discussion group at
yocto@yoctoproject.com
or log into
the freenode #yocto
channel.
Revision History | |
---|---|
Revision 4.0+git | 24 November 2010 |
Released with the Yocto Project 0.9 Release | |
Revision 1.0 | 6 April 2011 |
Released with the Yocto Project 1.0 Release. | |
Revision 1.0.1 | 23 May 2011 |
Released with the Yocto Project 1.0.1 Release. | |
Revision 1.1 | 6 October 2011 |
Released with the Yocto Project 1.1 Release. | |
Revision 1.2 | April 2012 |
Released with the Yocto Project 1.2 Release. | |
Revision 1.3 | October 2012 |
Released with the Yocto Project 1.3 Release. | |
Revision 1.4 | April 2013 |
Released with the Yocto Project 1.4 Release. | |
Revision 1.5 | October 2013 |
Released with the Yocto Project 1.5 Release. | |
Revision 1.5.1 | January 2014 |
Released with the Yocto Project 1.5.1 Release. | |
Revision 1.6 | April 2014 |
Released with the Yocto Project 1.6 Release. | |
Revision 1.7 | October 2014 |
Released with the Yocto Project 1.7 Release. | |
Revision 1.8 | April 2015 |
Released with the Yocto Project 1.8 Release. | |
Revision 2.0 | October 2015 |
Released with the Yocto Project 2.0 Release. | |
Revision 2.1 | April 2016 |
Released with the Yocto Project 2.1 Release. | |
Revision 2.2 | October 2016 |
Released with the Yocto Project 2.2 Release. | |
Revision 2.3 | May 2017 |
Released with the Yocto Project 2.3 Release. | |
Revision 2.4 | October 2017 |
Released with the Yocto Project 2.4 Release. | |
Revision 2.5 | May 2018 |
Released with the Yocto Project 2.5 Release. | |
Revision 2.5.1 | September 2018 |
The initial document released with the Yocto Project 2.5.1 Release. | |
Revision 2.5.2 | January 2019 |
The initial document released with the Yocto Project 2.5.2 Release. | |
Revision 2.5.3 | March 2019 |
The initial document released with the Yocto Project 2.5.3 Release. |
Table of Contents
atom-pc
Board Support Package (BSP)SRCREV
ValuesIMAGE_FEATURES
/run
udev
archiver
Classqemu-native
core-image-basic
CFLAGS
Optionsupdate-alternative
Providervirtclass
OverridesPACKAGECONFIG
Options in local.conf
eglibc 2.19
Replaced with glibc 2.20
linux-yocto
Kernel Metadata Repository Now Split from SourcegetVar()
and
getVarFlag()
is Now Mandatorylibexecdir
Reverted to ${prefix}/libexec
ac_cv_sizeof_off_t
is No Longer Cached in Site Filestmp/deploy
Now Enabled${B}
No Longer Default Working Directory for Tasksrunqemu
Ported to PythonKERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME
no Longer Uses KERNEL_IMAGETYPE
PATH
Variablebuild/
build/buildhistory
build/conf/local.conf
build/conf/bblayers.conf
build/conf/sanity_info
build/downloads/
build/sstate-cache/
build/tmp/
build/tmp/buildstats/
build/tmp/cache/
build/tmp/deploy/
build/tmp/deploy/deb/
build/tmp/deploy/rpm/
build/tmp/deploy/ipk/
build/tmp/deploy/licenses/
build/tmp/deploy/images/
build/tmp/deploy/sdk/
build/tmp/sstate-control/
build/tmp/sysroots-components/
build/tmp/sysroots/
build/tmp/stamps/
build/tmp/log/
build/tmp/work/
build/tmp/work/tunearch
/recipename
/version
/
build/tmp/work-shared/
meta/
meta/classes/
meta/conf/
meta/conf/machine/
meta/conf/distro/
meta/conf/machine-sdk/
meta/files/
meta/lib/
meta/recipes-bsp/
meta/recipes-connectivity/
meta/recipes-core/
meta/recipes-devtools/
meta/recipes-extended/
meta/recipes-gnome/
meta/recipes-graphics/
meta/recipes-kernel/
meta/recipes-lsb4/
meta/recipes-multimedia/
meta/recipes-rt/
meta/recipes-sato/
meta/recipes-support/
meta/site/
meta/recipes.txt
allarch.bbclass
archiver.bbclass
autotools*.bbclass
base.bbclass
bash-completion.bbclass
bin_package.bbclass
binconfig.bbclass
binconfig-disabled.bbclass
blacklist.bbclass
bluetooth.bbclass
bugzilla.bbclass
buildhistory.bbclass
buildstats.bbclass
buildstats-summary.bbclass
ccache.bbclass
chrpath.bbclass
clutter.bbclass
cmake.bbclass
cml1.bbclass
compress_doc.bbclass
copyleft_compliance.bbclass
copyleft_filter.bbclass
core-image.bbclass
cpan*.bbclass
cross.bbclass
cross-canadian.bbclass
crosssdk.bbclass
debian.bbclass
deploy.bbclass
devshell.bbclass
distro_features_check.bbclass
distrodata.bbclass
distutils*.bbclass
distutils3*.bbclass
externalsrc.bbclass
extrausers.bbclass
fontcache.bbclass
fs-uuid.bbclass
gconf.bbclass
gettext.bbclass
gnome.bbclass
gnomebase.bbclass
gobject-introspection.bbclass
grub-efi.bbclass
gsettings.bbclass
gtk-doc.bbclass
gtk-icon-cache.bbclass
gtk-immodules-cache.bbclass
gzipnative.bbclass
icecc.bbclass
image.bbclass
image-buildinfo.bbclass
image_types.bbclass
image-live.bbclass
image-mklibs.bbclass
image-prelink.bbclass
insane.bbclass
insserv.bbclass
kernel.bbclass
kernel-arch.bbclass
kernel-devicetree.bbclass
kernel-fitimage.bbclass
kernel-grub.bbclass
kernel-module-split.bbclass
kernel-uboot.bbclass
kernel-uimage.bbclass
kernel-yocto.bbclass
kernelsrc.bbclass
lib_package.bbclass
libc*.bbclass
license.bbclass
linux-kernel-base.bbclass
linuxloader.bbclass
logging.bbclass
meta.bbclass
metadata_scm.bbclass
migrate_localcount.bbclass
mime.bbclass
mirrors.bbclass
module.bbclass
module-base.bbclass
multilib*.bbclass
native.bbclass
nativesdk.bbclass
nopackages.bbclass
npm.bbclass
oelint.bbclass
own-mirrors.bbclass
package.bbclass
package_deb.bbclass
package_ipk.bbclass
package_rpm.bbclass
package_tar.bbclass
packagedata.bbclass
packagegroup.bbclass
patch.bbclass
perlnative.bbclass
pixbufcache.bbclass
pkgconfig.bbclass
populate_sdk.bbclass
populate_sdk_*.bbclass
prexport.bbclass
primport.bbclass
prserv.bbclass
ptest.bbclass
ptest-gnome.bbclass
python-dir.bbclass
python3native.bbclass
pythonnative.bbclass
qemu.bbclass
recipe_sanity.bbclass
relocatable.bbclass
remove-libtool.bbclass
report-error.bbclass
rm_work.bbclass
rootfs*.bbclass
sanity.bbclass
scons.bbclass
sdl.bbclass
setuptools.bbclass
setuptools3.bbclass
sign_rpm.bbclass
sip.bbclass
siteconfig.bbclass
siteinfo.bbclass
spdx.bbclass
sstate.bbclass
staging.bbclass
syslinux.bbclass
systemd.bbclass
systemd-boot.bbclass
terminal.bbclass
testimage*.bbclass
testsdk.bbclass
texinfo.bbclass
tinderclient.bbclass
toaster.bbclass
toolchain-scripts.bbclass
typecheck.bbclass
uboot-config.bbclass
uninative.bbclass
update-alternatives.bbclass
update-rc.d.bbclass
useradd*.bbclass
utility-tasks.bbclass
utils.bbclass
vala.bbclass
waf.bbclass
do_build
do_compile
do_compile_ptest_base
do_configure
do_configure_ptest_base
do_deploy
do_distrodata
do_fetch
do_image
do_image_complete
do_install
do_install_ptest_base
do_package
do_package_qa
do_package_write_deb
do_package_write_ipk
do_package_write_rpm
do_package_write_tar
do_packagedata
do_patch
do_populate_lic
do_populate_sdk
do_populate_sysroot
do_prepare_recipe_sysroot
do_rm_work
do_rm_work_all
do_unpack
do_compile_kernelmodules
do_diffconfig
do_kernel_checkout
do_kernel_configcheck
do_kernel_configme
do_kernel_menuconfig
do_kernel_metadata
do_menuconfig
do_savedefconfig
do_shared_workdir
do_sizecheck
do_strip
do_validate_branches
devtool
Quick Reference.wks
) ReferenceTable of Contents
Welcome to the Yocto Project Reference Manual! This manual provides reference information for the current release of the Yocto Project. The manual is best used after you have an understanding of the basics of the Yocto Project. The manual is neither meant to be read as a starting point to the Yocto Project nor read from start to finish. Use this manual to find variable definitions, class descriptions, and so forth as needed during the course of using the Yocto Project.
For introductory information on the Yocto Project, see the Yocto Project Website and the "Yocto Project Development Environment" chapter in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
If you want to use the Yocto Project to quickly build an image without having to understand concepts, work through the Yocto Project Quick Build document. You can find "how-to" information in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual. You can find Yocto Project overview and conceptual information in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
Currently, the Yocto Project is supported on the following distributions:
Yocto Project releases are tested against the stable Linux distributions in the following list. The Yocto Project should work on other distributions but validation is not performed against them.
In particular, the Yocto Project does not support and currently has no plans to support rolling-releases or development distributions due to their constantly changing nature. We welcome patches and bug reports, but keep in mind that our priority is on the supported platforms listed below.
If you encounter problems, please go to Yocto Project Bugzilla and submit a bug. We are interested in hearing about your experience. For information on how to submit a bug, see the Yocto Project Bugzilla wiki page and the "Submitting a Defect Against the Yocto Project" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
Ubuntu 14.10
Ubuntu 15.04
Ubuntu 15.10
Ubuntu 16.04 (LTS)
Fedora release 22
Fedora release 23
CentOS release 7.x
Debian GNU/Linux 8.x (Jessie)
Debian GNU/Linux 9.x (Stretch)
openSUSE 13.2
openSUSE 42.1
The list of packages you need on the host development system can be large when covering all build scenarios using the Yocto Project. This section provides required packages according to Linux distribution and function.
The following list shows the required packages by function given a supported Ubuntu or Debian Linux distribution:
oss4-dev
package installed, you
might experience QEMU build failures due to the package
installing its own custom
/usr/include/linux/soundcard.h
on
the Debian system.
If you run into this situation, either of the following
solutions exist:
$ sudo apt-get build-dep qemu $ sudo apt-get remove oss4-dev
Essentials: Packages needed to build an image on a headless system:
$ sudo apt-get install gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib \ build-essential chrpath socat cpio python python3 python3-pip python3-pexpect \ xz-utils debianutils iputils-ping
Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras: Packages recommended if the host system has graphics support or if you are going to use the Eclipse IDE:
$ sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev xterm
Documentation: Packages needed if you are going to build out the Yocto Project documentation manuals:
$ sudo apt-get install make xsltproc docbook-utils fop dblatex xmlto
OpenEmbedded Self-Test (oe-selftest
):
Packages needed if you are going to run
oe-selftest
:
$ sudo apt-get install python-git
The following list shows the required packages by function given a supported Fedora Linux distribution:
Essentials: Packages needed to build an image for a headless system:
$ sudo dnf install gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python3 unzip perl patch \ diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel texinfo chrpath \ ccache perl-Data-Dumper perl-Text-ParseWords perl-Thread-Queue perl-bignum socat \ python3-pexpect findutils which file cpio python python3-pip xz
Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras: Packages recommended if the host system has graphics support or if you are going to use the Eclipse IDE:
$ sudo dnf install SDL-devel xterm
Documentation: Packages needed if you are going to build out the Yocto Project documentation manuals:
$ sudo dnf install make docbook-style-dsssl docbook-style-xsl \ docbook-dtds docbook-utils fop libxslt dblatex xmlto
OpenEmbedded Self-Test (oe-selftest
):
Packages needed if you are going to run
oe-selftest
:
$ sudo dnf install python3-GitPython
The following list shows the required packages by function given a supported openSUSE Linux distribution:
Essentials: Packages needed to build an image for a headless system:
$ sudo zypper install python gcc gcc-c++ git chrpath make wget python-xml \ diffstat makeinfo python-curses patch socat python3 python3-curses tar python3-pip \ python3-pexpect xz which
Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras: Packages recommended if the host system has graphics support or if you are going to use the Eclipse IDE:
$ sudo zypper install libSDL-devel xterm
Documentation: Packages needed if you are going to build out the Yocto Project documentation manuals:
$ sudo zypper install make dblatex xmlto
OpenEmbedded Self-Test (oe-selftest
):
Packages needed if you are going to run
oe-selftest
:
$ sudo zypper install python-GitPython
The following list shows the required packages by function given a supported CentOS Linux distribution:
Essentials: Packages needed to build an image for a headless system:
$ sudo yum install -y epel-release $ sudo yum makecache $ sudo yum install gawk make wget tar bzip2 gzip python unzip perl patch \ diffutils diffstat git cpp gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel texinfo chrpath socat \ perl-Data-Dumper perl-Text-ParseWords perl-Thread-Queue python34-pip xz \ which SDL-devel xterm
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux
(i.e. epel-release
)
is a collection of packages from Fedora
built on RHEL/CentOS for easy installation
of packages not included in enterprise
Linux by default.
You need to install these packages
separately.
The makecache
command
consumes additional Metadata from
epel-release
.
Graphical and Eclipse Plug-In Extras: Packages recommended if the host system has graphics support or if you are going to use the Eclipse IDE:
$ sudo yum install SDL-devel xterm
Documentation: Packages needed if you are going to build out the Yocto Project documentation manuals:
$ sudo yum install make docbook-style-dsssl docbook-style-xsl \ docbook-dtds docbook-utils fop libxslt dblatex xmlto
OpenEmbedded Self-Test (oe-selftest
):
Packages needed if you are going to run
oe-selftest
:
$ sudo yum install GitPython
In order to use the build system, your host development system must meet the following version requirements for Git, tar, and Python:
Git 1.8.3.1 or greater
tar 1.27 or greater
Python 3.4.0 or greater
If your host development system does not meet all these requirements,
you can resolve this by installing a buildtools
tarball that contains these tools.
You can get the tarball one of two ways: download a pre-built
tarball or use BitBake to build the tarball.
buildtools
Tarball¶Downloading and running a pre-built buildtools installer is the easiest of the two methods by which you can get these tools:
Locate and download the *.sh
at
http://downloads.yoctoproject.org/releases/yocto/yocto-2.5.3/buildtools/.
Execute the installation script. Here is an example:
$ sh ~/Downloads/x86_64-buildtools-nativesdk-standalone-2.5.3.sh
During execution, a prompt appears that allows you to choose the installation directory. For example, you could choose the following:
/home/your-username
/buildtools
Source the tools environment setup script by using a command like the following:
$ source /home/your_username
/buildtools/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
Of course, you need to supply your installation directory and be sure to use the right file (i.e. i585 or x86-64).
After you have sourced the setup script,
the tools are added to PATH
and any other environment variables required to run the
tools are initialized.
The results are working versions versions of Git, tar,
Python and chrpath
.
buildtools
Tarball¶
Building and running your own buildtools installer applies
only when you have a build host that can already run BitBake.
In this case, you use that machine to build the
.sh
file and then
take steps to transfer and run it on a
machine that does not meet the minimal Git, tar, and Python
requirements.
Here are the steps to take to build and run your own buildtools installer:
On the machine that is able to run BitBake,
be sure you have set up your build environment with
the setup script
(oe-init-build-env
).
Run the BitBake command to build the tarball:
$ bitbake buildtools-tarball
SDKMACHINE
variable in your local.conf
file
determines whether you build tools for a 32-bit
or 64-bit system.
Once the build completes, you can find the
.sh
file that installs
the tools in the tmp/deploy/sdk
subdirectory of the
Build Directory.
The installer file has the string "buildtools"
in the name.
Transfer the .sh
file from the
build host to the machine that does not meet the
Git, tar, or Python requirements.
On the machine that does not meet the requirements,
run the .sh
file
to install the tools.
Here is an example:
$ sh ~/Downloads/x86_64-buildtools-nativesdk-standalone-2.5.3.sh
During execution, a prompt appears that allows you to choose the installation directory. For example, you could choose the following:
/home/your_username
/buildtools
Source the tools environment setup script by using a command like the following:
$ source /home/your_username
/buildtools/environment-setup-i586-poky-linux
Of course, you need to supply your installation directory and be sure to use the right file (i.e. i585 or x86-64).
After you have sourced the setup script,
the tools are added to PATH
and any other environment variables required to run the
tools are initialized.
The results are working versions versions of Git, tar,
Python and chrpath
.
Following is a list of terms and definitions users new to the Yocto Project development environment might find helpful. While some of these terms are universal, the list includes them just in case:
Append Files:
Files that append build information to a recipe file.
Append files are known as BitBake append files and
.bbappend
files.
The OpenEmbedded build system expects every append file to have
a corresponding recipe (.bb
) file.
Furthermore, the append file and corresponding recipe file
must use the same root filename.
The filenames can differ only in the file type suffix used
(e.g.
formfactor_0.0.bb
and
formfactor_0.0.bbappend
).
Information in append files extends or overrides the information in the similarly-named recipe file. For an example of an append file in use, see the "Using .bbappend Files in Your Layer" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
BitBake: The task executor and scheduler used by the OpenEmbedded build system to build images. For more information on BitBake, see the BitBake User Manual.
Board Support Package (BSP): A group of drivers, definitions, and other components that provide support for a specific hardware configuration. For more information on BSPs, see the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide.
Build Directory:
This term refers to the area used by the OpenEmbedded build
system for builds.
The area is created when you source
the
setup environment script that is found in the Source Directory
(i.e. oe-init-build-env
).
The
TOPDIR
variable points to the Build Directory.
You have a lot of flexibility when creating the Build
Directory.
Following are some examples that show how to create the
directory.
The examples assume your
Source Directory is
named poky
:
Create the Build Directory inside your
Source Directory and let the name of the Build
Directory default to build
:
$ cd $HOME/poky $ source oe-init-build-env
Create the Build Directory inside your
home directory and specifically name it
test-builds
:
$ cd $HOME $ source poky/oe-init-build-env test-builds
Provide a directory path and specifically name the
Build Directory.
Any intermediate folders in the pathname must exist.
This next example creates a Build Directory named
YP-20.0.3
in your home directory within the existing
directory mybuilds
:
$cd $HOME $ source $HOME/poky/oe-init-build-env $HOME/mybuilds/YP-20.0.3
TMPDIR
,
which is a temporary directory the build system uses for
its work.
TMPDIR
cannot be under NFS.
Thus, by default, the Build Directory cannot be under NFS.
However, if you need the Build Directory to be under NFS,
you can set this up by setting TMPDIR
in your local.conf
file
to use a local drive.
Doing so effectively separates TMPDIR
from TOPDIR
, which is the Build
Directory.
Build Host: The system used to build images in a Yocto Project Development environment. The build system is sometimes referred to as the development host.
Classes:
Files that provide for logic encapsulation and inheritance so
that commonly used patterns can be defined once and then
easily used in multiple recipes.
For reference information on the Yocto Project classes, see the
"Classes" chapter.
Class files end with the .bbclass
filename extension.
Configuration File: Files that hold global definitions of variables, user-defined variables, and hardware configuration information. These files tell the OpenEmbedded build system what to build and what to put into the image to support a particular platform.
Configuration files end with a .conf
filename extension.
The conf/local.conf
configuration file in
the
Build Directory
contains user-defined variables that affect every build.
The meta-poky/conf/distro/poky.conf
configuration file defines Yocto "distro" configuration
variables used only when building with this policy.
Machine configuration files, which
are located throughout the
Source Directory, define
variables for specific hardware and are only used when building
for that target (e.g. the
machine/beaglebone.conf
configuration
file defines variables for the Texas Instruments ARM Cortex-A8
development board).
Container Layer:
Layers that hold other layers.
An example of a container layer is the
meta-intel
layer.
This layer contains BSP layers for the Intel-core2-32
Intel® Common Core
(Intel-core2-32) and the Intel-corei7-64
Intel® Common Core
(Intel-corei7-64).
the meta-intel
layer also contains
the common/
directory, which contains
common content across those layers.
Cross-Development Toolchain: In general, a cross-development toolchain is a collection of software development tools and utilities that run on one architecture and allow you to develop software for a different, or targeted, architecture. These toolchains contain cross-compilers, linkers, and debuggers that are specific to the target architecture.
The Yocto Project supports two different cross-development toolchains:
A toolchain only used by and within BitBake when building an image for a target architecture.
A relocatable toolchain used outside of BitBake by developers when developing applications that will run on a targeted device.
Creation of these toolchains is simple and automated. For information on toolchain concepts as they apply to the Yocto Project, see the "Cross-Development Toolchain Generation" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual. You can also find more information on using the relocatable toolchain in the Yocto Project Application Development and the Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual.
Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK): A custom SDK for application developers. This eSDK allows developers to incorporate their library and programming changes back into the image to make their code available to other application developers.
For information on the eSDK, see the Yocto Project Application Development and the Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual.
Image: An image is an artifact of the BitBake build process given a collection of recipes and related Metadata. Images are the binary output that run on specific hardware or QEMU and are used for specific use-cases. For a list of the supported image types that the Yocto Project provides, see the "Images" chapter.
Layer: A collection of related recipes. Layers allow you to consolidate related metadata to customize your build. Layers also isolate information used when building for multiple architectures. Layers are hierarchical in their ability to override previous specifications. You can include any number of available layers from the Yocto Project and customize the build by adding your layers after them. You can search the Layer Index for layers used within Yocto Project.
For introductory information on layers, see the "The Yocto Project Layer Model" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual. For more detailed information on layers, see the "Understanding and Creating Layers" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual. For a discussion specifically on BSP Layers, see the "BSP Layers" section in the Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP) Developer's Guide.
Metadata: A key element of the Yocto Project is the Metadata that is used to construct a Linux distribution and is contained in the files that the OpenEmbedded build system parses when building an image. In general, Metadata includes recipes, configuration files, and other information that refers to the build instructions themselves, as well as the data used to control what things get built and the effects of the build. Metadata also includes commands and data used to indicate what versions of software are used, from where they are obtained, and changes or additions to the software itself (patches or auxiliary files) that are used to fix bugs or customize the software for use in a particular situation. OpenEmbedded-Core is an important set of validated metadata.
In the context of the kernel ("kernel Metadata"), the
term refers to the kernel config fragments and features
contained in the
yocto-kernel-cache
Git repository.
OpenEmbedded-Core (OE-Core): OE-Core is metadata comprised of foundational recipes, classes, and associated files that are meant to be common among many different OpenEmbedded-derived systems, including the Yocto Project. OE-Core is a curated subset of an original repository developed by the OpenEmbedded community that has been pared down into a smaller, core set of continuously validated recipes. The result is a tightly controlled and an quality-assured core set of recipes.
You can see the Metadata in the
meta
directory of the Yocto Project
Source Repositories.
OpenEmbedded Build System: The build system specific to the Yocto Project. The OpenEmbedded build system is based on another project known as "Poky", which uses BitBake as the task executor. Throughout the Yocto Project documentation set, the OpenEmbedded build system is sometimes referred to simply as "the build system". If other build systems, such as a host or target build system are referenced, the documentation clearly states the difference.
Package: In the context of the Yocto Project, this term refers to a recipe's packaged output produced by BitBake (i.e. a "baked recipe"). A package is generally the compiled binaries produced from the recipe's sources. You "bake" something by running it through BitBake.
It is worth noting that the term "package" can, in general, have subtle meanings. For example, the packages referred to in the "Required Packages for the Host Development System" section are compiled binaries that, when installed, add functionality to your Linux distribution.
Another point worth noting is that historically within
the Yocto Project, recipes were referred to as packages - thus,
the existence of several BitBake variables that are seemingly
mis-named,
(e.g. PR
,
PV
, and
PE
).
Package Groups:
Arbitrary groups of software Recipes.
You use package groups to hold recipes that, when built,
usually accomplish a single task.
For example, a package group could contain the recipes for a
company’s proprietary or value-add software.
Or, the package group could contain the recipes that enable
graphics.
A package group is really just another recipe.
Because package group files are recipes, they end with the
.bb
filename extension.
Poky: Poky, which is pronounced Pock-ee, is a reference embedded distribution and a reference test configuration. Poky provides the following:
A base-level functional distro used to illustrate how to customize a distribution.
A means by which to test the Yocto Project components (i.e. Poky is used to validate the Yocto Project).
A vehicle through which you can download the Yocto Project.
Poky is not a product level distro. Rather, it is a good starting point for customization.
Recipe:
A set of instructions for building packages.
A recipe describes where you get source code, which patches
to apply, how to configure the source, how to compile it and so on.
Recipes also describe dependencies for libraries or for other
recipes.
Recipes represent the logical unit of execution, the software
to build, the images to build, and use the
.bb
file extension.
Reference Kit: A working example of a system, which includes a BSP as well as a build host and other components, that can work on specific hardware.
Source Directory:
This term refers to the directory structure created as a result
of creating a local copy of the poky
Git
repository git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
or expanding a released poky
tarball.
poky
Git repository is the recommended method for setting up
your Source Directory.
Sometimes you might hear the term "poky directory" used to refer to this directory structure.
The Source Directory contains BitBake, Documentation, Metadata and other files that all support the Yocto Project. Consequently, you must have the Source Directory in place on your development system in order to do any development using the Yocto Project.
When you create a local copy of the Git repository, you
can name the repository anything you like.
Throughout much of the documentation, "poky"
is used as the name of the top-level folder of the local copy of
the poky Git repository.
So, for example, cloning the poky
Git
repository results in a local Git repository whose top-level
folder is also named "poky".
While it is not recommended that you use tarball expansion
to set up the Source Directory, if you do, the top-level
directory name of the Source Directory is derived from the
Yocto Project release tarball.
For example, downloading and unpacking
poky-sumo-20.0.3.tar.bz2
results in a
Source Directory whose root folder is named
poky-sumo-20.0.3
.
It is important to understand the differences between the
Source Directory created by unpacking a released tarball as
compared to cloning
git://git.yoctoproject.org/poky
.
When you unpack a tarball, you have an exact copy of the files
based on the time of release - a fixed release point.
Any changes you make to your local files in the Source Directory
are on top of the release and will remain local only.
On the other hand, when you clone the poky
Git repository, you have an active development repository with
access to the upstream repository's branches and tags.
In this case, any local changes you make to the local
Source Directory can be later applied to active development
branches of the upstream poky
Git
repository.
For more information on concepts related to Git repositories, branches, and tags, see the "Repositories, Tags, and Branches" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
Task:
A unit of execution for BitBake (e.g.
do_compile
,
do_fetch
,
do_patch
,
and so forth).
Toaster: A web interface to the Yocto Project's OpenEmbedded Build System. The interface enables you to configure and run your builds. Information about builds is collected and stored in a database. For information on Toaster, see the Toaster User Manual.
Upstream: A reference to source code or repositories that are not local to the development system but located in a master area that is controlled by the maintainer of the source code. For example, in order for a developer to work on a particular piece of code, they need to first get a copy of it from an "upstream" source.
Table of Contents
The Yocto Project release process is predictable and consists of both major and minor (point) releases. This brief chapter provides information on how releases are named, their life cycle, and their stability.
The Yocto Project delivers major releases (e.g. 2.5.3) using a six month cadence roughly timed each April and October of the year. Following are examples of some major YP releases with their codenames also shown. See the "Major Release Codenames" section for information on codenames used with major releases.
2.2 (Morty) 2.1 (Krogoth) 2.0 (Jethro)
While the cadence is never perfect, this timescale facilitates regular releases that have strong QA cycles while not overwhelming users with too many new releases. The cadence is predictable and avoids many major holidays in various geographies.
The Yocto project delivers minor (point) releases on an unscheduled basis and are usually driven by the accumulation of enough significant fixes or enhancements to the associated major release. Following are some example past point releases:
2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2.1
The point release indicates a point in the major release branch where a full QA cycle and release process validates the content of the new branch.
Each major release receives a codename that identifies the release in the Yocto Project Source Repositories. The concept is that branches of Metadata with the same codename are likely to be compatible and thus work together.
Releases are given a nominal release version as well but the codename is used in repositories for this reason. You can find information on Yocto Project releases and codenames at https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Releases.
Once released, the release enters the stable release process at which time a person is assigned as the maintainer for that stable release. This maintainer monitors activity for the release by investigating and handling nominated patches and backport activity. Only fixes and enhancements that have first been applied on the "master" branch (i.e. the current, in-development branch) are considered for backporting to a stable release.
Stable release branches have strong maintenance for about a year after their initial release. Should significant issues be found for any release regardless of its age, fixes could be backported to older releases. For issues that are not backported given an older release, Community LTS trees and branches exist where community members share patches for older releases. However, these types of patches do not go through the same release process as do point releases. You can find more information about stable branch maintenance at https://wiki.yoctoproject.org/wiki/Stable_branch_maintenance.
Part of the Yocto Project development and release process is quality assurance through the execution of test strategies. Test strategies provide the Yocto Project team a way to ensure a release is validated. Additionally, because the test strategies are visible to you as a developer, you can validate your projects. This section overviews the available test infrastructure used in the Yocto Project. For information on how to run available tests on your projects, see the "Performing Automated Runtime Testing" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
The QA/testing infrastructure is woven into the project to the point where core developers take some of it for granted. The infrastructure consists of the following pieces:
bitbake-selftest
:
A standalone command that runs unit tests on key pieces of
BitBake and its fetchers.
sanity.bbclass
:
This automatically included class checks the build environment
for missing tools (e.g. gcc
) or common
misconfigurations such as
MACHINE
set incorrectly.
insane.bbclass
:
This class checks the generated output from builds for sanity.
For example, if building for an ARM target, did the build
produce ARM binaries.
If, for example, the build produced PPC binaries then there
is a problem.
testimage.bbclass
:
This class performs runtime testing of images after they are
built.
The tests are usually used with
QEMU
to boot the images and check the combined runtime result
boot operation and functions.
However, the test can also use the IP address of a machine to
test.
ptest
:
Runs tests against packages produced during the build for a
given piece of software.
The test allows the packages to be be run within a target
image.
oe-selftest
:
Tests combination BitBake invocations.
These tests operate outside the OpenEmbedded build system
itself.
The oe-selftest
can run all tests by
default or can run selected tests or test suites.
oe-selftest
requires
host packages beyond the "Essential" grouping.
See the
"Required Packages for the Host Development System"
section for more information.
Originally, much of this testing was done manually. However, significant effort has been made to automate the tests so that more people can use them and the Yocto Project development team can run them faster and more efficiently.
The Yocto Project's main Autobuilder
(autobuilder.yoctoproject.org
) publicly tests
each Yocto Project release's code in the
OE-Core, Poky, and BitBake
repositories.
The testing occurs for both the current state of the
"master" branch and also for submitted patches.
Testing for submitted patches usually occurs in the
"ross/mut" branch in the poky-contrib
repository
(i.e. the master-under-test branch) or in the "master-next" branch
in the poky
repository.
Testing within these public branches ensures in a publicly visible way that all of the main supposed architectures and recipes in OE-Core successfully build and behave properly.
Various features such as multilib
, sub
architectures (e.g. x32
,
poky-tiny
, musl
,
no-x11
and and so forth),
bitbake-selftest
, and
oe-selftest
are tested as part of
the QA process of a release.
Complete testing and validation for a release takes the Autobuilder
workers several hours.
Finally, in addition to the Autobuilder's tests, the Yocto Project QA team also performs testing on a variety of platforms, which includes actual hardware, to ensure expected results.
Table of Contents
atom-pc
Board Support Package (BSP)SRCREV
ValuesIMAGE_FEATURES
/run
udev
archiver
Classqemu-native
core-image-basic
CFLAGS
Optionsupdate-alternative
Providervirtclass
OverridesPACKAGECONFIG
Options in local.conf
eglibc 2.19
Replaced with glibc 2.20
linux-yocto
Kernel Metadata Repository Now Split from SourcegetVar()
and
getVarFlag()
is Now Mandatorylibexecdir
Reverted to ${prefix}/libexec
ac_cv_sizeof_off_t
is No Longer Cached in Site Filestmp/deploy
Now Enabled${B}
No Longer Default Working Directory for Tasksrunqemu
Ported to PythonKERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME
no Longer Uses KERNEL_IMAGETYPE
PATH
VariableThis chapter provides information you can use to migrate work to a newer Yocto Project release. You can find the same information in the release notes for a given release.
Some considerations are not tied to a specific Yocto Project release. This section presents information you should consider when migrating to any new Yocto Project release.
Dealing with Customized Recipes: Issues could arise if you take older recipes that contain customizations and simply copy them forward expecting them to work after you migrate to new Yocto Project metadata. For example, suppose you have a recipe in your layer that is a customized version of a core recipe copied from the earlier release, rather than through the use of an append file. When you migrate to a newer version of Yocto Project, the metadata (e.g. perhaps an include file used by the recipe) could have changed in a way that would break the build. Say, for example, a function is removed from an include file and the customized recipe tries to call that function.
You could "forward-port" all your customizations in your recipe so that everything works for the new release. However, this is not the optimal solution as you would have to repeat this process with each new release if changes occur that give rise to problems.
The better solution (where practical) is to use append
files (*.bbappend
) to capture any
customizations you want to make to a recipe.
Doing so, isolates your changes from the main recipe making
them much more manageable.
However, sometimes it is not practical to use an append
file.
A good example of this is when introducing a newer or older
version of a recipe in another layer.
Updating Append Files:
Since append files generally only contain your customizations,
they often do not need to be adjusted for new releases.
However, if the .bbappend
file is
specific to a particular version of the recipe (i.e. its
name does not use the % wildcard) and the version of the
recipe to which it is appending has changed, then you will
at a minimum need to rename the append file to match the
name of the recipe file.
A mismatch between an append file and its corresponding
recipe file (.bb
) will
trigger an error during parsing.
Depending on the type of customization the append file applies, other incompatibilities might occur when you upgrade. For example, if your append file applies a patch and the recipe to which it is appending is updated to a newer version, the patch might no longer apply. If this is the case and assuming the patch is still needed, you must modify the patch file so that it does apply.
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 1.3 Release from the prior release.
Differences include changes for
SSTATE_MIRRORS
and bblayers.conf
.
The shared state cache (sstate-cache), as pointed to by
SSTATE_DIR
,
by default now has two-character subdirectories to prevent
issues arising from too many files in the same directory.
Also, native sstate-cache packages, which are built to run
on the host system, will go into a subdirectory named using
the distro ID string.
If you copy the newly structured sstate-cache to a mirror
location (either local or remote) and then point to it in
SSTATE_MIRRORS
,
you need to append "PATH" to the end of the mirror URL so that
the path used by BitBake before the mirror substitution is
appended to the path used to access the mirror.
Here is an example:
SSTATE_MIRRORS = "file://.* http://someserver
.tld/share/sstate/PATH"
The meta-yocto
layer consists of two parts
that correspond to the Poky reference distribution and the
reference hardware Board Support Packages (BSPs), respectively:
meta-yocto
and
meta-yocto-bsp
.
When running BitBake for the first time after upgrading,
your conf/bblayers.conf
file will be
updated to handle this change and you will be asked to
re-run or restart for the changes to take effect.
Differences include changes for the following:
Python function whitespace
proto=
in SRC_URI
nativesdk
Task recipes
IMAGE_FEATURES
Removed recipes
All Python functions must now use four spaces for indentation.
Previously, an inconsistent mix of spaces and tabs existed,
which made extending these functions using
_append
or _prepend
complicated given that Python treats whitespace as
syntactically significant.
If you are defining or extending any Python functions (e.g.
populate_packages
, do_unpack
,
do_patch
and so forth) in custom recipes
or classes, you need to ensure you are using consistent
four-space indentation.
Any use of proto=
in
SRC_URI
needs to be changed to protocol=
.
In particular, this applies to the following URIs:
svn://
bzr://
hg://
osc://
Other URIs were already using protocol=
.
This change improves consistency.
The suffix nativesdk
is now implemented
as a prefix, which simplifies a lot of the packaging code for
nativesdk
recipes.
All custom nativesdk
recipes, which are
relocatable packages that are native to
SDK_ARCH
,
and any references need to be updated to use
nativesdk-*
instead of
*-nativesdk
.
"Task" recipes are now known as "Package groups" and have
been renamed from task-*.bb
to
packagegroup-*.bb
.
Existing references to the previous task-*
names should work in most cases as there is an automatic
upgrade path for most packages.
However, you should update references in your own recipes and
configurations as they could be removed in future releases.
You should also rename any custom task-*
recipes to packagegroup-*
, and change
them to inherit packagegroup
instead of
task
, as well as taking the opportunity
to remove anything now handled by
packagegroup.bbclass
, such as providing
-dev
and -dbg
packages, setting
LIC_FILES_CHKSUM
,
and so forth.
See the
"packagegroup.bbclass
"
section for further details.
Image recipes that previously included "apps-console-core"
in IMAGE_FEATURES
should now include "splash" instead to enable the boot-up
splash screen.
Retaining "apps-console-core" will still include the splash
screen but generates a warning.
The "apps-x11-core" and "apps-x11-games"
IMAGE_FEATURES
features have been removed.
The following recipes have been removed. For most of them, it is unlikely that you would have any references to them in your own Metadata. However, you should check your metadata against this list to be sure:
libx11-trim
:
Replaced by libx11
, which has a negligible
size difference with modern Xorg.
xserver-xorg-lite
:
Use xserver-xorg
, which has a negligible
size difference when DRI and GLX modules are not installed.
xserver-kdrive
:
Effectively unmaintained for many years.
mesa-xlib
:
No longer serves any purpose.
galago
:
Replaced by telepathy.
gail
:
Functionality was integrated into GTK+ 2.13.
eggdbus
:
No longer needed.
gcc-*-intermediate
:
The build has been restructured to avoid the need for
this step.
libgsmd
:
Unmaintained for many years.
Functionality now provided by
ofono
instead.
contacts, dates, tasks, eds-tools:
Largely unmaintained PIM application suite.
It has been moved to meta-gnome
in meta-openembedded
.
In addition to the previously listed changes, the
meta-demoapps
directory has also been removed
because the recipes in it were not being maintained and many
had become obsolete or broken.
Additionally, these recipes were not parsed in the default configuration.
Many of these recipes are already provided in an updated and
maintained form within the OpenEmbedded community layers such as
meta-oe
and meta-gnome
.
For the remainder, you can now find them in the
meta-extras
repository, which is in the
Yocto Project
Source Repositories.
The naming scheme for kernel output binaries has been changed to
now include
PE
as part of the
filename:
KERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME ?= "${KERNEL_IMAGETYPE}-${PE}-${PV}-${PR}-${MACHINE}-${DATETIME}"
Because the PE
variable is not set by default,
these binary files could result with names that include two dash
characters.
Here is an example:
bzImage--3.10.9+git0+cd502a8814_7144bcc4b8-r0-qemux86-64-20130830085431.bin
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 1.4 Release from the prior release.
Differences include the following:
Comment Continuation: If a comment ends with a line continuation (\) character, then the next line must also be a comment. Any instance where this is not the case, now triggers a warning. You must either remove the continuation character, or be sure the next line is a comment.
Package Name Overrides:
The runtime package specific variables
RDEPENDS
,
RRECOMMENDS
,
RSUGGESTS
,
RPROVIDES
,
RCONFLICTS
,
RREPLACES
,
FILES
,
ALLOW_EMPTY
,
and the pre, post, install, and uninstall script functions
pkg_preinst
,
pkg_postinst
,
pkg_prerm
, and
pkg_postrm
should always have a
package name override.
For example, use RDEPENDS_${PN}
for
the main package instead of RDEPENDS
.
BitBake uses more strict checks when it parses recipes.
Differences include the following:
Shared State Code: The shared state code has been optimized to avoid running unnecessary tasks. For example, the following no longer populates the target sysroot since that is not necessary:
$ bitbake -c rootfs some-image
Instead, the system just needs to extract the output package contents, re-create the packages, and construct the root filesystem. This change is unlikely to cause any problems unless you have missing declared dependencies.
Scanning Directory Names:
When scanning for files in
SRC_URI
,
the build system now uses
FILESOVERRIDES
instead of OVERRIDES
for the directory names.
In general, the values previously in
OVERRIDES
are now in
FILESOVERRIDES
as well.
However, if you relied upon an additional value
you previously added to OVERRIDES
,
you might now need to add it to
FILESOVERRIDES
unless you are already
adding it through the
MACHINEOVERRIDES
or DISTROOVERRIDES
variables, as appropriate.
For more related changes, see the
"Variables"
section.
A new oe-git-proxy
script has been added to
replace previous methods of handling proxies and fetching source
from Git.
See the meta-yocto/conf/site.conf.sample
file
for information on how to use this script.
If you have created your own custom
etc/network/interfaces
file by creating
an append file for the netbase
recipe,
you now need to create an append file for the
init-ifupdown
recipe instead, which you can
find in the
Source Directory
at meta/recipes-core/init-ifupdown
.
For information on how to use append files, see the
"Using .bbappend Files"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
Support for remote debugging with the Eclipse IDE is now
separated into an image feature
(eclipse-debug
) that corresponds to the
packagegroup-core-eclipse-debug
package group.
Previously, the debugging feature was included through the
tools-debug
image feature, which corresponds
to the packagegroup-core-tools-debug
package group.
The following variables have changed:
SANITY_TESTED_DISTROS
:
This variable now uses a distribution ID, which is composed
of the host distributor ID followed by the release.
Previously,
SANITY_TESTED_DISTROS
was composed of the description field.
For example, "Ubuntu 12.10" becomes "Ubuntu-12.10".
You do not need to worry about this change if you are not
specifically setting this variable, or if you are
specifically setting it to "".
SRC_URI
:
The ${
PN
}
,
${
PF
}
,
${
P
}
,
and FILE_DIRNAME
directories have been
dropped from the default value of the
FILESPATH
variable, which is used as the search path for finding files
referred to in
SRC_URI
.
If you have a recipe that relied upon these directories,
which would be unusual, then you will need to add the
appropriate paths within the recipe or, alternatively,
rearrange the files.
The most common locations are still covered by
${BP}
, ${BPN}
,
and "files", which all remain in the default value of
FILESPATH
.
If runtime package management is enabled and the RPM backend is selected, Smart is now installed for package download, dependency resolution, and upgrades instead of Zypper. For more information on how to use Smart, run the following command on the target:
smart --help
The following recipes were moved from their previous locations because they are no longer used by anything in the OpenEmbedded-Core:
clutter-box2d
:
Now resides in the meta-oe
layer.
evolution-data-server
:
Now resides in the meta-gnome
layer.
gthumb
:
Now resides in the meta-gnome
layer.
gtkhtml2
:
Now resides in the meta-oe
layer.
gupnp
:
Now resides in the meta-multimedia
layer.
gypsy
:
Now resides in the meta-oe
layer.
libcanberra
:
Now resides in the meta-gnome
layer.
libgdata
:
Now resides in the meta-gnome
layer.
libmusicbrainz
:
Now resides in the meta-multimedia
layer.
metacity
:
Now resides in the meta-gnome
layer.
polkit
:
Now resides in the meta-oe
layer.
zeroconf
:
Now resides in the meta-networking
layer.
The following list shows what has been removed or renamed:
evieext
:
Removed because it has been removed from
xserver
since 2008.
Gtk+ DirectFB: Removed support because upstream Gtk+ no longer supports it as of version 2.18.
libxfontcache / xfontcacheproto
:
Removed because they were removed from the Xorg server in 2008.
libxp / libxprintapputil / libxprintutil / printproto
:
Removed because the XPrint server was removed from
Xorg in 2008.
libxtrap / xtrapproto
:
Removed because their functionality was broken upstream.
linux-yocto 3.0 kernel: Removed with linux-yocto 3.8 kernel being added. The linux-yocto 3.2 and linux-yocto 3.4 kernels remain as part of the release.
lsbsetup
:
Removed with functionality now provided by
lsbtest
.
matchbox-stroke
:
Removed because it was never more than a proof-of-concept.
matchbox-wm-2 / matchbox-theme-sato-2
:
Removed because they are not maintained.
However, matchbox-wm
and
matchbox-theme-sato
are still
provided.
mesa-dri
:
Renamed to mesa
.
mesa-xlib
:
Removed because it was no longer useful.
mutter
:
Removed because nothing ever uses it and the recipe is
very old.
orinoco-conf
:
Removed because it has become obsolete.
update-modules
:
Removed because it is no longer used.
The kernel module postinstall
and
postrm
scripts can now do the same
task without the use of this script.
web
:
Removed because it is not maintained. Superseded by
web-webkit
.
xf86bigfontproto
:
Removed because upstream it has been disabled by default
since 2007.
Nothing uses xf86bigfontproto
.
xf86rushproto
:
Removed because its dependency in
xserver
was spurious and it was
removed in 2005.
zypper / libzypp / sat-solver
:
Removed and been functionally replaced with Smart
(python-smartpm
) when RPM packaging
is used and package management is enabled on the target.
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 1.5 Release from the prior release.
The OpenEmbedded build system now has some additional requirements on the host system:
Python 2.7.3+
Tar 1.24+
Git 1.7.8+
Patched version of Make if you are using 3.82. Most distributions that provide Make 3.82 use the patched version.
If the Linux distribution you are using on your build host does not provide packages for these, you can install and use the Buildtools tarball, which provides an SDK-like environment containing them.
For more information on this requirement, see the "Required Git, tar, and Python Versions" section.
atom-pc
Board Support Package (BSP)¶
The atom-pc
hardware reference BSP has been
replaced by a genericx86
BSP.
This BSP is not necessarily guaranteed to work on all x86
hardware, but it will run on a wider range of systems than the
atom-pc
did.
genericx86-64
BSP has
been added for 64-bit Atom systems.
The following changes have been made that relate to BitBake:
BitBake now supports a _remove
operator.
The addition of this operator means you will have to
rename any items in recipe space (functions, variables)
whose names currently contain
_remove_
or end with
_remove
to avoid unexpected behavior.
BitBake's global method pool has been removed. This method is not particularly useful and led to clashes between recipes containing functions that had the same name.
The "none" server backend has been removed. The "process" server backend has been serving well as the default for a long time now.
The bitbake-runtask
script has been
removed.
${
P
}
and
${
PF
}
are no longer added to
PROVIDES
by default in bitbake.conf
.
These version-specific PROVIDES
items were seldom used.
Attempting to use them could result in two versions being
built simultaneously rather than just one version due to
the way BitBake resolves dependencies.
The following changes have been made to the package QA checks:
If you have customized
ERROR_QA
or WARN_QA
values in your configuration, check that they contain all of
the issues that you wish to be reported.
Previous Yocto Project versions contained a bug that meant
that any item not mentioned in ERROR_QA
or WARN_QA
would be treated as a
warning.
Consequently, several important items were not already in
the default value of WARN_QA
.
All of the possible QA checks are now documented in the
"insane.bbclass
"
section.
An additional QA check has been added to check if
/usr/share/info/dir
is being installed.
Your recipe should delete this file within
do_install
if "make install" is installing it.
If you are using the buildhistory class, the check for the
package version going backwards is now controlled using a
standard QA check.
Thus, if you have customized your
ERROR_QA
or
WARN_QA
values and still wish to have
this check performed, you should add
"version-going-backwards" to your value for one or the
other variables depending on how you wish it to be handled.
See the documented QA checks in the
"insane.bbclass
"
section.
The following directory changes exist:
Output SDK installer files are now named to include the
image name and tuning architecture through the
SDK_NAME
variable.
Images and related files are now installed into a directory
that is specific to the machine, instead of a parent
directory containing output files for multiple machines.
The
DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE
variable continues to point to the directory containing
images for the current
MACHINE
and should be used anywhere there is a need to refer to
this directory.
The runqemu
script now uses this
variable to find images and kernel binaries and will use
BitBake to determine the directory.
Alternatively, you can set the
DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE
variable in the
external environment.
When buildhistory is enabled, its output is now written
under the
Build Directory
rather than
TMPDIR
.
Doing so makes it easier to delete
TMPDIR
and preserve the build history.
Additionally, data for produced SDKs is now split by
IMAGE_NAME
.
The pkgdata
directory produced as
part of the packaging process has been collapsed into a
single machine-specific directory.
This directory is located under
sysroots
and uses a machine-specific
name (i.e.
tmp/sysroots/
).
machine
/pkgdata
SRCREV
Values¶
BitBake will now shorten revisions from Git repositories from the
normal 40 characters down to 10 characters within
SRCPV
for improved usability in path and file names.
This change should be safe within contexts where these revisions
are used because the chances of spatially close collisions
is very low.
Distant collisions are not a major issue in the way
the values are used.
IMAGE_FEATURES
¶
The following changes have been made that relate to
IMAGE_FEATURES
:
The value of IMAGE_FEATURES
is now
validated to ensure invalid feature items are not added.
Some users mistakenly add package names to this variable
instead of using
IMAGE_INSTALL
in order to have the package added to the image, which does
not work.
This change is intended to catch those kinds of situations.
Valid IMAGE_FEATURES
are drawn from
PACKAGE_GROUP
definitions,
COMPLEMENTARY_GLOB
and a new "validitems" varflag on
IMAGE_FEATURES
.
The "validitems" varflag change allows additional features
to be added if they are not provided using the previous
two mechanisms.
The previously deprecated "apps-console-core"
IMAGE_FEATURES
item is no longer
supported.
Add "splash" to IMAGE_FEATURES
if you
wish to have the splash screen enabled, since this is
all that apps-console-core was doing.
/run
¶
The /run
directory from the Filesystem
Hierarchy Standard 3.0 has been introduced.
You can find some of the implications for this change
here.
The change also means that recipes that install files to
/var/run
must be changed.
You can find a guide on how to make these changes
here.
The image core-image-minimal
no longer adds
remove_packaging_data_files
to
ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND
.
This addition is now handled automatically when "package-management"
is not in
IMAGE_FEATURES
.
If you have custom image recipes that make this addition,
you should remove the lines, as they are not needed and might
interfere with correct operation of postinstall scripts.
The
do_rootfs
and other related image
construction tasks are no longer marked as "nostamp".
Consequently, they will only be re-executed when their inputs have
changed.
Previous versions of the OpenEmbedded build system always rebuilt
the image when requested rather when necessary.
The previously deprecated task.bbclass
has
now been dropped.
For recipes that previously inherited from this class, you should
rename them from task-*
to
packagegroup-*
and inherit packagegroup
instead.
For more information, see the
"packagegroup.bbclass
"
section.
By default, we now split BusyBox into two binaries:
one that is suid root for those components that need it, and
another for the rest of the components.
Splitting BusyBox allows for optimization that eliminates the
tinylogin
recipe as recommended by upstream.
You can disable this split by setting
BUSYBOX_SPLIT_SUID
to "0".
A new automated image testing framework has been added
through the
testimage.bbclass
class.
This framework replaces the older
imagetest-qemu
framework.
You can learn more about performing automated image tests in the "Performing Automated Runtime Testing" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
Following are changes to Build History:
Installed package sizes:
installed-package-sizes.txt
for an
image now records the size of the files installed by each
package instead of the size of each compressed package
archive file.
The dependency graphs (depends*.dot
)
now use the actual package names instead of replacing
dashes, dots and plus signs with underscores.
The buildhistory-diff
and
buildhistory-collect-srcrevs
utilities have improved command-line handling.
Use the --help
option for
each utility for more information on the new syntax.
For more information on Build History, see the "Maintaining Build Output Quality" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
udev
¶
Following are changes to udev
:
udev
no longer brings in
udev-extraconf
automatically
through
RRECOMMENDS
,
since this was originally intended to be optional.
If you need the extra rules, then add
udev-extraconf
to your image.
udev
no longer brings in
pciutils-ids
or
usbutils-ids
through
RRECOMMENDS
.
These are not needed by udev
itself
and removing them saves around 350KB.
The linux-yocto
3.2 kernel has been
removed.
libtool-nativesdk
has been renamed to
nativesdk-libtool
.
tinylogin
has been removed.
It has been replaced by a suid portion of Busybox.
See the
"BusyBox" section
for more information.
external-python-tarball
has been renamed
to buildtools-tarball
.
web-webkit
has been removed.
It has been functionally replaced by
midori
.
imake
has been removed.
It is no longer needed by any other recipe.
transfig-native
has been removed.
It is no longer needed by any other recipe.
anjuta-remote-run
has been removed.
Anjuta IDE integration has not been officially supported for
several releases.
Following is a list of short entries describing other changes:
run-postinsts
: Make this generic.
base-files
: Remove the unnecessary
media/
xxx
directories.
alsa-state
: Provide an empty
asound.conf
by default.
classes/image
: Ensure
BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS
supports pre-renamed package names.
classes/rootfs_rpm
: Implement
BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS
for RPM.
systemd
: Remove
systemd_unitdir
if
systemd
is not in
DISTRO_FEATURES
.
systemd
: Remove
init.d
dir if
systemd
unit file is present and
sysvinit
is not a distro feature.
libpam
: Deny all services for the
OTHER
entries.
image.bbclass
: Move
runtime_mapping_rename
to avoid
conflict with multilib
.
See
YOCTO #4993
in Bugzilla for more information.
linux-dtb
: Use kernel build system
to generate the dtb
files.
kern-tools
: Switch from guilt to
new kgit-s2q
tool.
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 1.6 Release from the prior release.
archiver
Class¶
The
archiver
class has been rewritten and its configuration has been simplified.
For more details on the source archiver, see the
"Maintaining Open Source License Compliance During Your Product's Lifecycle"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
The following packaging changes have been made:
The binutils
recipe no longer produces
a binutils-symlinks
package.
update-alternatives
is now used to
handle the preferred binutils
variant on the target instead.
The tc (traffic control) utilities have been split out of
the main iproute2
package and put
into the iproute2-tc
package.
The gtk-engines
schemas have been
moved to a dedicated
gtk-engines-schemas
package.
The armv7a
with thumb package
architecture suffix has changed.
The suffix for these packages with the thumb
optimization enabled is "t2" as it should be.
Use of this suffix was not the case in the 1.5 release.
Architecture names will change within package feeds as a
result.
The following changes have been made to BitBake.
When fetching source from a Git repository using
SRC_URI
,
BitBake will now validate the
SRCREV
value against the branch.
You can specify the branch using the following form:
SRC_URI = "git://server.name/repository;branch=branchname
"
If you do not specify a branch, BitBake looks in the default "master" branch.
Alternatively, if you need to bypass this check (e.g.
if you are fetching a revision corresponding to a tag that
is not on any branch), you can add ";nobranch=1" to
the end of the URL within SRC_URI
.
BitBake had some previously deprecated Python definitions
within its bb
module removed.
You should use their sub-module counterparts instead:
bb.MalformedUrl
:
Use bb.fetch.MalformedUrl
.
bb.encodeurl
:
Use bb.fetch.encodeurl
.
bb.decodeurl
:
Use bb.fetch.decodeurl
bb.mkdirhier
:
Use bb.utils.mkdirhier
.
bb.movefile
:
Use bb.utils.movefile
.
bb.copyfile
:
Use bb.utils.copyfile
.
bb.which
:
Use bb.utils.which
.
bb.vercmp_string
:
Use bb.utils.vercmp_string
.
bb.vercmp
:
Use bb.utils.vercmp
.
The SVK fetcher has been removed from BitBake.
The BitBake console UI will now output errors to
stderr
instead of
stdout
.
Consequently, if you are piping or redirecting the output of
bitbake
to somewhere else, and you wish
to retain the errors, you will need to add
2>&1
(or something similar) to the
end of your bitbake
command line.
task-
taskname
Overrides¶
task-
taskname
overrides have been
adjusted so that tasks whose names contain underscores have the
underscores replaced by hyphens for the override so that they
now function properly.
For example, the task override for
do_populate_sdk
is task-populate-sdk
.
The following variables have changed. For information on the OpenEmbedded build system variables, see the "Variables Glossary" Chapter.
TMPDIR
¶
TMPDIR
can no longer be on an NFS mount.
NFS does not offer full POSIX locking and inode consistency
and can cause unexpected issues if used to store
TMPDIR
.
The check for this occurs on startup.
If TMPDIR
is detected on an NFS mount,
an error occurs.
PRINC
¶
The PRINC
variable has been deprecated and triggers a warning if
detected during a build.
For
PR
increments on changes, use the PR service instead.
You can find out more about this service in the
"Working With a PR Service"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
IMAGE_TYPES
¶
The "sum.jffs2" option for
IMAGE_TYPES
has been replaced by the "jffs2.sum" option, which fits the
processing order.
COPY_LIC_MANIFEST
¶
The
COPY_LIC_MANIFEST
variable must
now be set to "1" rather than any value in order to enable
it.
COPY_LIC_DIRS
¶
The
COPY_LIC_DIRS
variable must
now be set to "1" rather than any value in order to enable
it.
PACKAGE_GROUP
¶
The
PACKAGE_GROUP
variable has been renamed to
FEATURE_PACKAGES
to more accurately reflect its purpose.
You can still use PACKAGE_GROUP
but
the OpenEmbedded build system produces a warning message when
it encounters the variable.
The following variables now expect a semicolon separated list of functions to call and not arbitrary shell commands:
ROOTFS_PREPROCESS_COMMAND ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND SDK_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND POPULATE_SDK_POST_TARGET_COMMAND POPULATE_SDK_POST_HOST_COMMAND IMAGE_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND IMAGE_PREPROCESS_COMMAND ROOTFS_POSTUNINSTALL_COMMAND ROOTFS_POSTINSTALL_COMMAND
For migration purposes, you can simply wrap shell commands in a shell function and then call the function. Here is an example:
my_postprocess_function() { echo "hello" > ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/hello.txt } ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "my_postprocess_function; "
Package Tests (ptest) are built but not installed by default.
For information on using Package Tests, see the
"Testing Packages with ptest"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
For information on the ptest
class, see the
"ptest.bbclass
"
section.
Separate build and source directories have been enabled
by default for selected recipes where it is known to work
(a whitelist) and for all recipes that inherit the
cmake
class.
In future releases the
autotools
class will enable a separate build directory by default as
well.
Recipes building Autotools-based
software that fails to build with a separate build directory
should be changed to inherit from the
autotools-brokensep
class instead of the autotools
or
autotools_stage
classes.
qemu-native
¶
qemu-native
now builds without
SDL-based graphical output support by default.
The following additional lines are needed in your
local.conf
to enable it:
PACKAGECONFIG_pn-qemu-native = "sdl" ASSUME_PROVIDED += "libsdl-native"
local.conf
contains these statements.
Consequently, if you are building a headless system and using
a default local.conf
file, you will need
comment these two lines out.
core-image-basic
¶
core-image-basic
has been renamed to
core-image-full-cmdline
.
In addition to core-image-basic
being renamed,
packagegroup-core-basic
has been renamed to
packagegroup-core-full-cmdline
to match.
The top-level LICENSE
file has been changed
to better describe the license of the various components of
OE-Core.
However, the licensing itself remains unchanged.
Normally, this change would not cause any side-effects.
However, some recipes point to this file within
LIC_FILES_CHKSUM
(as ${COREBASE}/LICENSE
) and thus the
accompanying checksum must be changed from
3f40d7994397109285ec7b81fdeb3b58 to
4d92cd373abda3937c2bc47fbc49d690.
A better alternative is to have
LIC_FILES_CHKSUM
point to a file
describing the license that is distributed with the source
that the recipe is building, if possible, rather than pointing
to ${COREBASE}/LICENSE
.
CFLAGS
Options¶
The "-fpermissive" option has been removed from the default
CFLAGS
value.
You need to take action on individual recipes that fail when
building with this option.
You need to either patch the recipes to fix the issues reported by
the compiler, or you need to add "-fpermissive" to
CFLAGS
in the recipes.
Custom image output types, as selected using
IMAGE_FSTYPES
,
must declare their dependencies on other image types (if any) using
a new
IMAGE_TYPEDEP
variable.
The do_package_write
task has been removed.
The task is no longer needed.
update-alternative
Provider¶
The default update-alternatives
provider has
been changed from opkg
to
opkg-utils
.
This change resolves some troublesome circular dependencies.
The runtime package has also been renamed from
update-alternatives-cworth
to update-alternatives-opkg
.
virtclass
Overrides¶
The virtclass
overrides are now deprecated.
Use the equivalent class overrides instead (e.g.
virtclass-native
becomes
class-native
.)
The following recipes have been removed:
packagegroup-toolset-native
-
This recipe is largely unused.
linux-yocto-3.8
-
Support for the Linux yocto 3.8 kernel has been dropped.
Support for the 3.10 and 3.14 kernels have been added
with the linux-yocto-3.10
and
linux-yocto-3.14
recipes.
ocf-linux
-
This recipe has been functionally replaced using
cryptodev-linux
.
genext2fs
-
genext2fs
is no longer used by the
build system and is unmaintained upstream.
js
-
This provided an ancient version of Mozilla's javascript
engine that is no longer needed.
zaurusd
-
The recipe has been moved to the
meta-handheld
layer.
eglibc 2.17
-
Replaced by the eglibc 2.19
recipe.
gcc 4.7.2
-
Replaced by the now stable
gcc 4.8.2
.
external-sourcery-toolchain
-
this recipe is now maintained in the
meta-sourcery
layer.
linux-libc-headers-yocto 3.4+git
-
Now using version 3.10 of the
linux-libc-headers
by default.
meta-toolchain-gmae
-
This recipe is obsolete.
packagegroup-core-sdk-gmae
-
This recipe is obsolete.
packagegroup-core-standalone-gmae-sdk-target
-
This recipe is obsolete.
The following classes have become obsolete and have been removed:
module_strip
pkg_metainfo
pkg_distribute
image-empty
The following reference BSPs changes occurred:
The BeagleBoard
(beagleboard
) ARM reference hardware
has been replaced by the BeagleBone
(beaglebone
) hardware.
The RouterStation Pro
(routerstationpro
) MIPS reference
hardware has been replaced by the EdgeRouter Lite
(edgerouter
) hardware.
The previous reference BSPs for the
beagleboard
and
routerstationpro
machines are still available
in a new meta-yocto-bsp-old
layer in the
Source Repositories
at
http://git.yoctoproject.org/cgit/cgit.cgi/meta-yocto-bsp-old/.
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 1.7 Release from the prior release.
PACKAGECONFIG
Options in local.conf
¶
The QEMU recipe now uses a number of
PACKAGECONFIG
options to enable various optional features.
The method used to set defaults for these options means that
existing
local.conf
files will need to be be
modified to append to PACKAGECONFIG
for
qemu-native
and
nativesdk-qemu
instead of setting it.
In other words, to enable graphical output for QEMU, you should
now have these lines in local.conf
:
PACKAGECONFIG_append_pn-qemu-native = " sdl" PACKAGECONFIG_append_pn-nativesdk-qemu = " sdl"
The minimum
Git version
required on the build host is now 1.7.8 because the
--list
option is now required by
BitBake's Git fetcher.
As always, if your host distribution does not provide a version of
Git that meets this requirement, you can use the
buildtools-tarball
that does.
See the
"Required Git, tar, and Python Versions"
section for more information.
The following
autotools
class changes occurred:
A separate build directory is now used by default:
The autotools
class has been changed
to use a directory for building
(B
),
which is separate from the source directory
(S
).
This is commonly referred to as
B != S
, or an out-of-tree build.
If the software being built is already capable of
building in a directory separate from the source, you
do not need to do anything.
However, if the software is not capable of being built
in this manner, you will
need to either patch the software so that it can build
separately, or you will need to change the recipe to
inherit the
autotools-brokensep
class instead of the autotools
or
autotools_stage
classes.
The --foreign
option is
no longer passed to automake
when
running autoconf
:
This option tells automake
that a
particular software package does not follow the GNU
standards and therefore should not be expected
to distribute certain files such as
ChangeLog
,
AUTHORS
, and so forth.
Because the majority of upstream software packages already
tell automake
to enable foreign mode
themselves, the option is mostly superfluous.
However, some recipes will need patches for this change.
You can easily make the change by patching
configure.ac
so that it passes
"foreign" to AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE()
.
See
this commit
for an example showing how to make the patch.
Some of the core recipes that package binary configuration scripts
now disable the scripts due to the
scripts previously requiring error-prone path substitution.
Software that links against these libraries using these scripts
should use the much more robust pkg-config
instead.
The list of recipes changed in this version (and their
configuration scripts) is as follows:
directfb (directfb-config) freetype (freetype-config) gpgme (gpgme-config) libassuan (libassuan-config) libcroco (croco-6.0-config) libgcrypt (libgcrypt-config) libgpg-error (gpg-error-config) libksba (ksba-config) libpcap (pcap-config) libpcre (pcre-config) libpng (libpng-config, libpng16-config) libsdl (sdl-config) libusb-compat (libusb-config) libxml2 (xml2-config) libxslt (xslt-config) ncurses (ncurses-config) neon (neon-config) npth (npth-config) pth (pth-config) taglib (taglib-config)
Additionally, support for pkg-config
has been
added to some recipes in the previous list in the rare cases
where the upstream software package does not already provide
it.
eglibc 2.19
Replaced with glibc 2.20
¶
Because eglibc
and
glibc
were already fairly close, this
replacement should not require any significant changes to other
software that links to eglibc
.
However, there were a number of minor changes in
glibc 2.20
upstream that could require
patching some software (e.g. the removal of the
_BSD_SOURCE
feature test macro).
glibc 2.20
requires version 2.6.32 or greater
of the Linux kernel.
Thus, older kernels will no longer be usable in conjunction with it.
For full details on the changes in glibc 2.20
,
see the upstream release notes
here.
The
module_autoload_*
variable is now deprecated and a new
KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD
variable should be used instead.
Also,
module_conf_*
must now be used in conjunction with a new
KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF
variable.
The new variables no longer require you to specify the module name
as part of the variable name.
This change not only simplifies usage but also allows the values
of these variables to be appropriately incorporated into task
signatures and thus trigger the appropriate tasks to re-execute
when changed.
You should replace any references to
module_autoload_*
with
KERNEL_MODULE_AUTOLOAD
, and add any modules
for which module_conf_*
is specified to
KERNEL_MODULE_PROBECONF
.
The following changes have occurred to the QA check process:
Additional QA checks file-rdeps
and build-deps
have been added in
order to verify that file dependencies are satisfied
(e.g. package contains a script requiring
/bin/bash
) and build-time dependencies
are declared, respectively.
For more information, please see the
"QA Error and Warning Messages"
chapter.
Package QA checks are now performed during a new
do_package_qa
task rather than being part of the
do_package
task.
This allows more parallel execution.
This change is unlikely to be an issue except for highly
customized recipes that disable packaging tasks themselves
by marking them as noexec
.
For those packages, you will need to disable the
do_package_qa
task as well.
Files being overwritten during the
do_populate_sysroot
task now trigger an error instead of a warning.
Recipes should not be overwriting files written to the
sysroot by other recipes.
If you have these types of recipes, you need to alter them
so that they do not overwrite these files.
You might now receive this error after changes in
configuration or metadata resulting in orphaned files
being left in the sysroot.
If you do receive this error, the way to resolve the issue
is to delete your
TMPDIR
or to move it out of the way and then re-start the build.
Anything that has been fully built up to that point and
does not need rebuilding will be restored from the shared
state cache and the rest of the build will be able to
proceed as normal.
The following recipes have been removed:
x-load
:
This recipe has been superseded by
U-boot SPL for all Cortex-based TI SoCs.
For legacy boards, the meta-ti
layer, which contains a maintained recipe, should be used
instead.
ubootchart
:
This recipe is obsolete.
A bootchart2
recipe has been added
to functionally replace it.
linux-yocto 3.4
:
Support for the linux-yocto 3.4 kernel has been dropped.
Support for the 3.10 and 3.14 kernels remains, while
support for version 3.17 has been added.
eglibc
has been removed in favor of
glibc
.
See the
"eglibc 2.19
Replaced with glibc 2.20
"
section for more information.
The following miscellaneous change occurred:
The build history feature now writes
build-id.txt
instead of
build-id
.
Additionally, build-id.txt
now contains the full build header as printed by
BitBake upon starting the build.
You should manually remove old "build-id" files from your
existing build history repositories to avoid confusion.
For information on the build history feature, see the
"Maintaining Build Output Quality"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 1.8 Release from the prior release.
The following recipes have been removed:
owl-video
:
Functionality replaced by gst-player
.
gaku
:
Functionality replaced by gst-player
.
gnome-desktop
:
This recipe is now available in
meta-gnome
and is no longer needed.
gsettings-desktop-schemas
:
This recipe is now available in
meta-gnome
and is no longer needed.
python-argparse
:
The argparse
module is already
provided in the default Python distribution in a
package named python-argparse
.
Consequently, the separate
python-argparse
recipe is no
longer needed.
telepathy-python, libtelepathy, telepathy-glib, telepathy-idle, telepathy-mission-control
:
All these recipes have moved to
meta-oe
and are consequently no
longer needed by any recipes in OpenEmbedded-Core.
linux-yocto_3.10
and linux-yocto_3.17
:
Support for the linux-yocto 3.10 and 3.17 kernels has been
dropped.
Support for the 3.14 kernel remains, while support for
3.19 kernel has been added.
poky-feed-config-opkg
:
This recipe has become obsolete and is no longer needed.
Use distro-feed-config
from
meta-oe
instead.
libav 0.8.x
:
libav 9.x
is now used.
sed-native
:
No longer needed.
A working version of sed
is expected
to be provided by the host distribution.
Proper built-in support for selecting BlueZ 5.x in preference
to the default of 4.x now exists.
To use BlueZ 5.x, simply add "bluez5" to your
DISTRO_FEATURES
value.
If you had previously added append files
(*.bbappend
) to make this selection, you can
now remove them.
Additionally, a
bluetooth
class has been added to make selection of the appropriate bluetooth
support within a recipe a little easier.
If you wish to make use of this class in a recipe, add something
such as the following:
inherit bluetooth PACKAGECONFIG ??= "${@bb.utils.contains('DISTRO_FEATURES', 'bluetooth', '${BLUEZ}', '', d)} PACKAGECONFIG[bluez4] = "--enable-bluetooth,--disable-bluetooth,bluez4" PACKAGECONFIG[bluez5] = "--enable-bluez5,--disable-bluez5,bluez5"
The kernel build process was changed to place the source
in a common shared work area and to place build artifacts
separately in the source code tree.
In theory, migration paths have been provided for most common
usages in kernel recipes but this might not work in all cases.
In particular, users need to ensure that
${S}
(source files) and
${B}
(build artifacts) are used
correctly in functions such as
do_configure
and
do_install
.
For kernel recipes that do not inherit from
kernel-yocto
or include
linux-yocto.inc
, you might wish to
refer to the linux.inc
file in the
meta-oe
layer for the kinds of changes you
need to make.
For reference, here is the
commit
where the linux.inc
file in
meta-oe
was updated.
Recipes that rely on the kernel source code and do not inherit
the module classes might need to add explicit dependencies on
the do_shared_workdir
kernel task, for example:
do_configure[depends] += "virtual/kernel:do_shared_workdir"
SSL 3.0 is now disabled when building OpenSSL.
Disabling SSL 3.0 avoids any lingering instances of the POODLE
vulnerability.
If you feel you must re-enable SSL 3.0, then you can add an
append file (*.bbappend
) for the
openssl
recipe to remove "-no-ssl3"
from
EXTRA_OECONF
.
gcc's
default sysroot and include directories
are now "poisoned".
In other words, the sysroot and include directories are being
redirected to a non-existent location in order to catch when
host directories are being used due to the correct options not
being passed.
This poisoning applies both to the cross-compiler used within the
build and to the cross-compiler produced in the SDK.
If this change causes something in the build to fail, it almost certainly means the various compiler flags and commands are not being passed correctly to the underlying piece of software. In such cases, you need to take corrective steps.
Changes have been made to the
base
,
autotools
,
and
cmake
classes to clean out generated files when the
do_configure
task needs to be re-executed.
One of the improvements is to attempt to run "make clean" during
the do_configure
task if a
Makefile
exists.
Some software packages do not provide a working clean target
within their make files.
If you have such recipes, you need to set
CLEANBROKEN
to "1" within the recipe, for example:
CLEANBROKEN = "1"
The following QA Check and Validation Changes have occurred:
Usage of PRINC
previously triggered a warning.
It now triggers an error.
You should remove any remaining usage of
PRINC
in any recipe or append file.
An additional QA check has been added to detect usage of
${D}
in
FILES
values where
D
values
should not be used at all.
The same check ensures that $D
is used
in
pkg_preinst/pkg_postinst/pkg_prerm/pkg_postrm
functions instead of ${D}
.
S
now
needs to be set to a valid value within a recipe.
If S
is not set in the recipe, the
directory is not automatically created.
If S
does not point to a directory
that exists at the time the
do_unpack
task finishes, a warning will be shown.
LICENSE
is now validated for correct formatting of multiple
licenses.
If the format is invalid (e.g. multiple licenses are
specified with no operators to specify how the multiple
licenses interact), then a warning will be shown.
The following miscellaneous changes have occurred:
The send-error-report
script now
expects a "-s" option to be specified before the server
address.
This assumes a server address is being specified.
The oe-pkgdata-util
script now
expects a "-p" option to be specified before the
pkgdata
directory, which is now
optional.
If the pkgdata
directory is not
specified, the script will run BitBake to query
PKGDATA_DIR
from the build environment.
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 2.0 Release from the prior release.
The default compiler is now GCC 5.2. This change has required fixes for compilation errors in a number of other recipes.
One important example is a fix for when the Linux kernel freezes at
boot time on ARM when built with GCC 5.
If you are using your own kernel recipe or source tree and
building for ARM, you will likely need to apply this
patch.
The standard linux-yocto
kernel source tree
already has a workaround for the same issue.
For further details, see https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-5/changes.html and the porting guide at https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-5/porting_to.html.
Alternatively, you can switch back to GCC 4.9 or 4.8 by
setting GCCVERSION
in your configuration,
as follows:
GCCVERSION = "4.9%"
Gstreamer 0.10 has been removed in favor of Gstreamer 1.x.
As part of the change, recipes for Gstreamer 0.10 and related
software are now located
in meta-multimedia
.
This change results in Qt4 having Phonon and Gstreamer
support in QtWebkit disabled by default.
The following recipes have been moved or removed:
bluez4
: The recipe is obsolete and
has been moved due to bluez5
becoming fully integrated.
The bluez4
recipe now resides in
meta-oe
.
gamin
: The recipe is obsolete and
has been removed.
gnome-icon-theme
: The recipe's
functionally has been replaced by
adwaita-icon-theme
.
Gstreamer 0.10 Recipes: Recipes for Gstreamer 0.10 have been removed in favor of the recipes for Gstreamer 1.x.
insserv
: The recipe is obsolete and
has been removed.
libunique
: The recipe is no longer
used and has been moved to meta-oe
.
midori
: The recipe's functionally
has been replaced by epiphany
.
python-gst
: The recipe is obsolete
and has been removed since it only contains bindings for
Gstreamer 0.10.
qt-mobility
: The recipe is obsolete and
has been removed since it requires
Gstreamer 0.10
, which has been
replaced.
subversion
: All 1.6.x versions of this
recipe have been removed.
webkit-gtk
: The older 1.8.3 version
of this recipe has been removed in favor of
webkitgtk
.
The method by which BitBake's datastore handles overrides has
changed.
Overrides are now applied dynamically and
bb.data.update_data()
is now a no-op.
Thus, bb.data.update_data()
is no longer
required in order to apply the correct overrides.
In practice, this change is unlikely to require any changes to
Metadata.
However, these minor changes in behavior exist:
All potential overrides are now visible in the variable history as seen when you run the following:
$ bitbake -e
d.delVar('
VARNAME
')
and
d.setVar('
VARNAME
', None)
result in the variable and all of its overrides being
cleared out.
Before the change, only the non-overridden values
were cleared.
The shell versions of the BitBake message functions (i.e.
bbdebug
, bbnote
,
bbwarn
, bbplain
,
bberror
, and bbfatal
)
are now connected through to their BitBake equivalents
bb.debug()
, bb.note()
,
bb.warn()
, bb.plain()
,
bb.error()
, and
bb.fatal()
, respectively.
Thus, those message functions that you would expect to be printed
by the BitBake UI are now actually printed.
In practice, this change means two things:
If you now see messages on the console that you did not
previously see as a result of this change, you might
need to clean up the calls to
bbwarn
, bberror
,
and so forth.
Or, you might want to simply remove the calls.
The bbfatal
message function now
suppresses the full error log in the UI, which means any
calls to bbfatal
where you still
wish to see the full error log should be replaced by
die
or
bbfatal_log
.
The following recipes have had extra
dev/dbg
packages removed:
acl
apmd
aspell
attr
augeas
bzip2
cogl
curl
elfutils
gcc-target
libgcc
libtool
libxmu
opkg
pciutils
rpm
sysfsutils
tiff
xz
All of the above recipes now conform to the standard packaging
scheme where a single -dev
,
-dbg
, and -staticdev
package exists per recipe.
Maintenance tracking data for recipes that was previously part
of meta-yocto
has been moved to
OE-Core.
The change includes package_regex.inc
and
distro_alias.inc
, which are typically enabled
when using the
distrodata
class.
Additionally, the contents of
upstream_tracking.inc
has now been split out
to the relevant recipes.
Stale files from recipes that no longer exist in the current
configuration are now automatically removed from
sysroot as well as removed from
any other place managed by shared state.
This automatic cleanup means that the build system now properly
handles situations such as renaming the build system side of
recipes, removal of layers from
bblayers.conf
, and
DISTRO_FEATURES
changes.
Additionally, work directories for old versions of recipes are now pruned. If you wish to disable pruning old work directories, you can set the following variable in your configuration:
SSTATE_PRUNE_OBSOLETEWORKDIR = "0"
linux-yocto
Kernel Metadata Repository Now Split from Source¶
The linux-yocto
tree has up to now been a
combined set of kernel changes and configuration (meta) data
carried in a single tree.
While this format is effective at keeping kernel configuration and
source modifications synchronized, it is not always obvious to
developers how to manipulate the Metadata as compared to the
source.
Metadata processing has now been removed from the
kernel-yocto
class and the external Metadata repository
yocto-kernel-cache
, which has always been used
to seed the linux-yocto
"meta" branch.
This separate linux-yocto
cache repository
is now the primary location for this data.
Due to this change, linux-yocto
is no longer
able to process combined trees.
Thus, if you need to have your own combined kernel repository,
you must do the split there as well and update your recipes
accordingly.
See the meta/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-yocto_4.1.bb
recipe for an example.
The following QA checks have been added:
Added a "host-user-contaminated" check for ownership
issues for packaged files outside of
/home
.
The check looks for files that are incorrectly owned by the
user that ran BitBake instead of owned by a valid user in
the target system.
Added an "invalid-chars" check for invalid (non-UTF8)
characters in recipe metadata variable values
(i.e.
DESCRIPTION
,
SUMMARY
,
LICENSE
,
and
SECTION
).
Some package managers do not support these characters.
Added an "invalid-packageconfig" check for any options
specified in
PACKAGECONFIG
that do not match any PACKAGECONFIG
option defined for the recipe.
These additional changes exist:
gtk-update-icon-cache
has been
renamed to gtk-icon-utils
.
The tools-profile
IMAGE_FEATURES
item as well as its corresponding packagegroup and
packagegroup-core-tools-profile
no
longer bring in oprofile
.
Bringing in oprofile
was originally
added to aid compilation on resource-constrained
targets.
However, this aid has not been widely used and is not
likely to be used going forward due to the more powerful
target platforms and the existence of better
cross-compilation tools.
The
IMAGE_FSTYPES
variable's default value now specifies
ext4
instead of
ext3
.
All support for the PRINC
variable has been removed.
The packagegroup-core-full-cmdline
packagegroup no longer brings in
lighttpd
due to the fact that
bringing in lighttpd
is not really in
line with the packagegroup's purpose, which is to add full
versions of command-line tools that by default are
provided by busybox
.
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 2.1 Release from the prior release.
Variable expressions, such as
${
VARNAME
}
no longer expand automatically within Python functions.
Suppressing expansion was done to allow Python functions to
construct shell scripts or other code for situations in which you
do not want such expressions expanded.
For any existing code that relies on these expansions, you need to
change the expansions to expand the value of individual
variables through d.getVar()
.
To alternatively expand more complex expressions,
use d.expand()
.
The convention for overrides has always been for them to be
lower-case characters.
This practice is now a requirement as BitBake's datastore now
assumes lower-case characters in order to give a slight performance
boost during parsing.
In practical terms, this requirement means that anything that ends
up in
OVERRIDES
must now appear in lower-case characters (e.g. values for
MACHINE
, TARGET_ARCH
,
DISTRO
, and also recipe names if
_pn-
recipename
overrides are to be effective).
getVar()
and
getVarFlag()
is Now Mandatory¶
The expand parameter to getVar()
and
getVarFlag()
previously defaulted to
False if not specified.
Now, however, no default exists so one must be specified.
You must change any getVar()
calls that
do not specify the final expand parameter to calls that do specify
the parameter.
You can run the following sed
command at the
base of a layer to make this change:
sed -e 's:\(\.getVar([^,()]*\)):\1, False):g' -i `grep -ril getVar *` sed -e 's:\(\.getVarFlag([^,()]*, [^,()]*\)):\1, False):g' -i `grep -ril getVarFlag *`
EXTRA_OEMAKE
now defaults to "" instead of "-e MAKEFLAGS=".
Setting EXTRA_OEMAKE
to "-e MAKEFLAGS=" by
default was a historical accident that has required many classes
(e.g. autotools
, module
)
and recipes to override this default in order to work with
sensible build systems.
When upgrading to the release, you must edit any recipe that
relies upon this old default by either setting
EXTRA_OEMAKE
back to "-e MAKEFLAGS=" or by
explicitly setting any required variable value overrides using
EXTRA_OEMAKE
, which is typically only needed
when a Makefile sets a default value for a variable that is
inappropriate for cross-compilation using the "=" operator rather
than the "?=" operator.
libexecdir
Reverted to ${prefix}/libexec
¶
The use of ${libdir}/${BPN}
as
libexecdir
is different as compared to all
other mainstream distributions, which either uses
${prefix}/libexec
or
${libdir}
.
The use is also contrary to the GNU Coding Standards
(i.e. https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/html_node/Directory-Variables.html)
that suggest ${prefix}/libexec
and also
notes that any package-specific nesting should be done by the
package itself.
Finally, having libexecdir
change between
recipes makes it very difficult for different recipes to invoke
binaries that have been installed into
libexecdir
.
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
(i.e. http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/ch04s07.html)
now recognizes the use of ${prefix}/libexec/
,
giving distributions the choice between
${prefix}/lib
or
${prefix}/libexec
without breaking FHS.
ac_cv_sizeof_off_t
is No Longer Cached in Site Files¶
For recipes inheriting the
autotools
class, ac_cv_sizeof_off_t
is no longer cached
in the site files for autoconf
.
The reason for this change is because the
ac_cv_sizeof_off_t
value is not necessarily
static per architecture as was previously assumed.
Rather, the value changes based on whether large file support is
enabled.
For most software that uses autoconf
, this
change should not be a problem.
However, if you have a recipe that bypasses the standard
do_configure
task from the autotools
class and the software
the recipe is building uses a very old version of
autoconf
, the recipe might be incapable of
determining the correct size of off_t
during
do_configure
.
The best course of action is to patch the software as necessary
to allow the default implementation from the
autotools
class to work such that
autoreconf
succeeds and produces a working
configure script, and to remove the
overridden do_configure
task such that the
default implementation does get used.
Previously, for image recipes the
do_rootfs
task assembled the filesystem and then from that filesystem
generated images.
With this Yocto Project release, image generation is split into
separate
do_image_*
tasks for clarity both in operation and in the code.
For most cases, this change does not present any problems.
However, if you have made customizations that directly modify the
do_rootfs
task or that mention
do_rootfs
, you might need to update those
changes.
In particular, if you had added any tasks after
do_rootfs
, you should make edits so that
those tasks are after the
do_image_complete
task rather than after do_rootfs
so that the your added tasks
run at the correct time.
A minor part of this restructuring is that the post-processing
definitions and functions have been moved from the
image
class to the
rootfs-postcommands
class.
Functionally, however, they remain unchanged.
The following recipes have been removed in the 2.1 release:
gcc
version 4.8:
Versions 4.9 and 5.3 remain.
qt4
:
All support for Qt 4.x has been moved out to a separate
meta-qt4
layer because Qt 4 is no
longer supported upstream.
x11vnc
:
Moved to the meta-oe
layer.
linux-yocto-3.14
:
No longer supported.
linux-yocto-3.19
:
No longer supported.
libjpeg
:
Replaced by the libjpeg-turbo
recipe.
pth
:
Became obsolete.
liboil
:
Recipe is no longer needed and has been moved to the
meta-multimedia
layer.
gtk-theme-torturer
:
Recipe is no longer needed and has been moved to the
meta-gnome
layer.
gnome-mime-data
:
Recipe is no longer needed and has been moved to the
meta-gnome
layer.
udev
:
Replaced by the eudev
recipe for
compatibility when using sysvinit
with newer kernels.
python-pygtk
:
Recipe became obsolete.
adt-installer
:
Recipe became obsolete.
See the
"ADT Removed"
section for more information.
The following classes have changed:
autotools_stage
:
Removed because the
autotools
class now provides its functionality.
Recipes that inherited from
autotools_stage
should now inherit
from autotools
instead.
boot-directdisk
:
Merged into the image-vm
class.
The boot-directdisk
class was rarely
directly used.
Consequently, this change should not cause any issues.
bootimg
:
Merged into the
image-live
class.
The bootimg
class was rarely
directly used.
Consequently, this change should not cause any issues.
packageinfo
:
Removed due to its limited use by the Hob UI, which has
itself been removed.
The following changes have been made to the build system user interface:
Hob GTK+-based UI: Removed because it is unmaintained and based on the outdated GTK+ 2 library. The Toaster web-based UI is much more capable and is actively maintained. See the "Using the Toaster Web Interface" section in the Toaster User Manual for more information on this interface.
"puccho" BitBake UI: Removed because is unmaintained and no longer useful.
The Application Development Toolkit (ADT) has been removed because its functionality almost completely overlapped with the standard SDK and the extensible SDK. For information on these SDKs and how to build and use them, see the Yocto Project Application Development and the Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual.
The following changes have been made for the Poky distribution:
The meta-yocto
layer has been renamed
to meta-poky
to better match its
purpose, which is to provide the Poky reference
distribution.
The meta-yocto-bsp
layer retains its
original name since it provides reference machines for
the Yocto Project and it is otherwise unrelated to Poky.
References to meta-yocto
in your
conf/bblayers.conf
should
automatically be updated, so you should not need to change
anything unless you are relying on this naming elsewhere.
The
uninative
class is now enabled by default in Poky.
This class attempts to isolate the build system from the
host distribution's C library and makes re-use of native
shared state artifacts across different host distributions
practical.
With this class enabled, a tarball containing a pre-built
C library is downloaded at the start of the build.
The uninative
class is enabled
through the
meta/conf/distro/include/yocto-uninative.inc
file, which for those not using the Poky distribution, can
include to easily enable the same functionality.
Alternatively, if you wish to build your own
uninative
tarball, you can do so by
building the uninative-tarball
recipe,
making it available to your build machines
(e.g. over HTTP/HTTPS) and setting a similar configuration
as the one set by yocto-uninative.inc
.
Static library generation, for most cases, is now disabled by default in the Poky distribution. Disabling this generation saves some build time as well as the size used for build output artifacts.
Disabling this library generation is accomplished
through a
meta/conf/distro/include/no-static-libs.inc
,
which for those not using the Poky distribution can
easily include to enable the same functionality.
Any recipe that needs to opt-out of having the "--disable-static" option specified on the configure command line either because it is not a supported option for the configure script or because static libraries are needed should set the following variable:
DISABLE_STATIC = ""
The separate poky-tiny
distribution
now uses the musl C library instead of a heavily pared
down glibc
.
Using musl results in a smaller
distribution and facilitates much greater maintainability
because musl is designed to have a small footprint.
If you have used poky-tiny
and
have customized the glibc
configuration you will need to redo those customizations
with musl when upgrading to the new release.
The following changes have been made to packaging:
The runuser
and
mountpoint
binaries, which were
previously in the main util-linux
package, have been split out into the
util-linux-runuser
and
util-linux-mountpoint
packages,
respectively.
The python-elementtree
package has
been merged into the python-xml
package.
The following changes have been made to the tuning files:
The "no-thumb-interwork" tuning feature has been dropped from the ARM tune include files. Because interworking is required for ARM EABI, attempting to disable it through a tuning feature no longer makes sense.
The tune-cortexm*.inc
and
tune-cortexr4.inc
files have been
removed because they are poorly tested.
Until the OpenEmbedded build system officially gains
support for CPUs without an MMU, these tuning files would
probably be better maintained in a separate layer
if needed.
This release supports generation of GLib Introspective Repository (GIR) files through GObject introspection, which is the standard mechanism for accessing GObject-based software from runtime environments. You can enable, disable, and test the generation of this data. See the "Enabling GObject Introspection Support" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more information.
These additional changes exist:
The minimum Git version has been increased to 1.8.3.1. If your host distribution does not provide a sufficiently recent version, you can install the buildtools, which will provide it. See the "Required Git, tar, and Python Versions" section for more information on the buildtools tarball.
The buggy and incomplete support for the RPM version 4 package manager has been removed. The well-tested and maintained support for RPM version 5 remains.
Previously, the following list of packages were removed
if package-management was not in
IMAGE_FEATURES
,
regardless of any dependencies:
update-rc.d base-passwd shadow update-alternatives run-postinsts
With the Yocto Project 2.1 release, these packages are only
removed if "read-only-rootfs" is in
IMAGE_FEATURES
, since they might
still be needed for a read-write image even in the absence
of a package manager (e.g. if users need to be added,
modified, or removed at runtime).
The
devtool modify
command now defaults to extracting the source since that
is most commonly expected.
The "-x" or "--extract" options are now no-ops.
If you wish to provide your own existing source tree, you
will now need to specify either the "-n" or
"--no-extract" options when running
devtool modify
.
If the formfactor for a machine is either not supplied or does not specify whether a keyboard is attached, then the default is to assume a keyboard is attached rather than assume no keyboard. This change primarily affects the Sato UI.
The .debug
directory packaging is
now automatic.
If your recipe builds software that installs binaries into
directories other than the standard ones, you no longer
need to take care of setting
FILES_${PN}-dbg
to pick up the
resulting .debug
directories as these
directories are automatically found and added.
Inaccurate disk and CPU percentage data has been dropped
from buildstats
output.
This data has been replaced with
getrusage()
data and corrected IO
statistics.
You will probably need to update any custom code that reads
the buildstats
data.
The
meta/conf/distro/include/package_regex.inc
is now deprecated.
The contents of this file have been moved to individual
recipes.
The v86d/uvesafb
has been removed from
the genericx86
and
genericx86-64
reference machines,
which are provided by the
meta-yocto-bsp
layer.
Most modern x86 boards do not rely on this file and it only
adds kernel error messages during startup.
If you do still need to support
uvesafb
, you can
simply add v86d
to your image.
Build sysroot paths are now removed from debug symbol
files.
Removing these paths means that remote GDB using an
unstripped build system sysroot will no longer work
(although this was never documented to work).
The supported method to accomplish something similar is
to set IMAGE_GEN_DEBUGFS
to "1",
which will generate a companion debug image
containing unstripped binaries and associated debug
sources alongside the image.
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 2.2 Release from the prior release.
The minimum kernel version for the target system and for SDK
is now 3.2.0, due to the upgrade
to glibc 2.24
.
Specifically, for AArch64-based targets the version is
3.14.
For Nios II-based targets, the minimum kernel version is 3.19.
OLDEST_KERNEL
to anything down to 2.6.32 if desired.
The way directories are staged in sysroot has been simplified and
introduces the new
SYSROOT_DIRS
,
SYSROOT_DIRS_NATIVE
,
and
SYSROOT_DIRS_BLACKLIST
.
See the
v2 patch series on the OE-Core Mailing List
for additional information.
tmp/deploy
Now Enabled¶
Removal of old images and other files in
tmp/deploy/
is now enabled by default due
to a new staging method used for those files.
As a result of this change, the
RM_OLD_IMAGE
variable is now redundant.
The following changes for Python occurred:
BitBake requires Python 3.4 or greater.
A UTF-8 locale is required on the build host due to Python 3. Since C.UTF-8 is not a standard, the default is en_US.UTF-8.
The metadata is now required to use Python 3 syntax. For help preparing metadata, see any of the many Python 3 porting guides available. Alternatively, you can reference the conversion commits for Bitbake and you can use OE-Core as a guide for changes. Following are particular areas of interest:
* subprocess command-line pipes needing locale decoding
* the syntax for octal values changed
* the iter*()
functions changed name
* iterators now return views, not lists
* changed names for Python modules
Most target Python recipes have now been switched to Python 3. Unfortunately, systems using RPM as a package manager and providing online package-manager support through SMART still require Python 2.
buildtools-tarball
Includes Python 3¶
buildtools-tarball
now includes Python 3.
uClibc has been removed in favor of musl. Musl has matured, is better maintained, and is compatible with a wider range of applications as compared to uClibc.
${B}
No Longer Default Working Directory for Tasks¶
${
B
}
is no longer the default working directory for tasks.
Consequently, any custom tasks you define now need to either
have the
[
dirs
]
flag set, or the task needs to change into the
appropriate working directory manually (e.g using
cd
for a shell task).
[dirs]
flag.
runqemu
Ported to Python¶
runqemu
has been ported to Python and has
changed behavior in some cases.
Previous usage patterns continue to be supported.
The new runqemu
is a Python script.
Machine knowledge is no longer hardcoded into
runqemu
.
You can choose to use the qemuboot
configuration file to define the BSP's own arguments and to make
it bootable with runqemu
.
If you use a configuration file, use the following form:
image-name
-machine
.qemuboot.conf
The configuration file enables fine-grained tuning of options
passed to QEMU without the runqemu
script
hard-coding any knowledge about different machines.
Using a configuration file is particularly convenient when trying
to use QEMU with machines other than the
qemu*
machines in
OE-Core.
The qemuboot.conf
file is generated by the
qemuboot
class when the root filesystem is being build (i.e.
build rootfs).
QEMU boot arguments can be set in BSP's configuration file and
the qemuboot
class will save them to
qemuboot.conf
.
If you want to use runqemu
without a
configuration file, use the following command form:
$ runqemumachine
rootfs
kernel
[options
]
Supported machines
are as follows:
qemuarm qemuarm64 qemux86 qemux86-64 qemuppc qemumips qemumips64 qemumipsel qemumips64el
Consider the following example, which uses the
qemux86-64
machine,
provides a root filesystem, provides an image, and uses
the nographic
option:
$ runqemu qemux86-64 tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/core-image-minimal-qemux86-64.ext4 tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64/bzImage nographic
Following is a list of variables that can be set in configuration
files such as bsp.conf
to enable the BSP
to be booted by runqemu
:
QB_SYSTEM_NAME: QEMU name (e.g. "qemu-system-i386") QB_OPT_APPEND: Options to append to QEMU (e.g. "-show-cursor") QB_DEFAULT_KERNEL: Default kernel to boot (e.g. "bzImage") QB_DEFAULT_FSTYPE: Default FSTYPE to boot (e.g. "ext4") QB_MEM: Memory (e.g. "-m 512") QB_MACHINE: QEMU machine (e.g. "-machine virt") QB_CPU: QEMU cpu (e.g. "-cpu qemu32") QB_CPU_KVM: Similar to QB_CPU except used for kvm support (e.g. "-cpu kvm64") QB_KERNEL_CMDLINE_APPEND: Options to append to the kernel's -append option (e.g. "console=ttyS0 console=tty") QB_DTB: QEMU dtb name QB_AUDIO_DRV: QEMU audio driver (e.g. "alsa", set it when support audio) QB_AUDIO_OPT: QEMU audio option (e.g. "-soundhw ac97,es1370"), which is used when QB_AUDIO_DRV is set. QB_KERNEL_ROOT: Kernel's root (e.g. /dev/vda) QB_TAP_OPT: Network option for 'tap' mode (e.g. "-netdev tap,id=net0,ifname=@TAP@,script=no,downscript=no -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net0"). runqemu will replace "@TAP@" with the one that is used, such as tap0, tap1 ... QB_SLIRP_OPT: Network option for SLIRP mode (e.g. "-netdev user,id=net0 -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net0") QB_ROOTFS_OPT: Used as rootfs (e.g. "-drive id=disk0,file=@ROOTFS@,if=none,format=raw -device virtio-blk-device,drive=disk0"). runqemu will replace "@ROOTFS@" with the one which is used, such as core-image-minimal-qemuarm64.ext4. QB_SERIAL_OPT: Serial port (e.g. "-serial mon:stdio") QB_TCPSERIAL_OPT: tcp serial port option (e.g. " -device virtio-serial-device -chardev socket,id=virtcon,port=@PORT@,host=127.0.0.1 -device virtconsole,chardev=virtcon" runqemu will replace "@PORT@" with the port number which is used.
To use runqemu
, set
IMAGE_CLASSES
as follows and run runqemu
:
runqemu help
.
IMAGE_CLASSES += "qemuboot"
The default linker hash style for gcc-cross
is now "sysv" in order to catch recipes that are building software
without using the OpenEmbedded
LDFLAGS
.
This change could result in seeing some "No GNU_HASH in the elf
binary" QA issues when building such recipes.
You need to fix these recipes so that they use the expected
LDFLAGS
.
Depending on how the software is built, the build system used by
the software (e.g. a Makefile) might need to be patched.
However, sometimes making this fix is as simple as adding the
following to the recipe:
TARGET_CC_ARCH += "${LDFLAGS}"
KERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME
no Longer Uses KERNEL_IMAGETYPE
¶
The
KERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME
variable no longer uses the
KERNEL_IMAGETYPE
variable to create the image's base name.
Because the OpenEmbedded build system can now build multiple kernel
image types, this part of the kernel image base name as been
removed leaving only the following:
KERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME ?= "${PKGE}-${PKGV}-${PKGR}-${MACHINE}-${DATETIME}
If you have recipes or classes that use
KERNEL_IMAGE_BASE_NAME
directly, you might
need to update the references to ensure they continue to work.
The following changes took place for BitBake:
The "goggle" UI and standalone image-writer tool have been removed as they both require GTK+ 2.0 and were not being maintained.
The Perforce fetcher now supports
SRCREV
for specifying the source revision to use, be it
${
AUTOREV
}
,
changelist number, p4date, or label, in preference to
separate
SRC_URI
parameters to specify these.
This change is more in-line with how the other fetchers
work for source control systems.
Recipes that fetch from Perforce will need to be updated
to use SRCREV
in place of specifying
the source revision within
SRC_URI
.
Some of BitBake's internal code structures for accessing the recipe cache needed to be changed to support the new multi-configuration functionality. These changes will affect external tools that use BitBake's tinfoil module. For information on these changes, see the changes made to the scripts supplied with OpenEmbedded-Core: 1 and 2.
The task management code has been rewritten to avoid using
ID indirection in order to improve performance.
This change is unlikely to cause any problems for most
users.
However, the setscene verification function as pointed to
by BB_SETSCENE_VERIFY_FUNCTION
needed to change signature.
Consequently, a new variable named
BB_SETSCENE_VERIFY_FUNCTION2
has been added allowing multiple versions of BitBake
to work with suitably written metadata, which includes
OpenEmbedded-Core and Poky.
Anyone with custom BitBake task scheduler code might also
need to update the code to handle the new structure.
Swabber, a tool that was intended to detect host contamination in the build process, has been removed, as it has been unmaintained and unused for some time and was never particularly effective. The OpenEmbedded build system has since incorporated a number of mechanisms including enhanced QA checks that mean that there is less of a need for such a tool.
The following recipes have been removed:
augeas
:
No longer needed and has been moved to
meta-oe
.
directfb
:
Unmaintained and has been moved to
meta-oe
.
gcc
:
Removed 4.9 version.
Versions 5.4 and 6.2 are still present.
gnome-doc-utils
:
No longer needed.
gtk-doc-stub
:
Replaced by gtk-doc
.
gtk-engines
:
No longer needed and has been moved to
meta-gnome
.
gtk-sato-engine
:
Became obsolete.
libglade
:
No longer needed and has been moved to
meta-oe
.
libmad
:
Unmaintained and functionally replaced by
libmpg123
.
libmad
has been moved to
meta-oe
.
libowl
:
Became obsolete.
libxsettings-client
:
No longer needed.
oh-puzzles
:
Functionally replaced by
puzzles
.
oprofileui
:
Became obsolete.
OProfile has been largely supplanted by perf.
packagegroup-core-directfb.bb
:
Removed.
core-image-directfb.bb
:
Removed.
pointercal
:
No longer needed and has been moved to
meta-oe
.
python-imaging
:
No longer needed and moved to
meta-python
python-pyrex
:
No longer needed and moved to
meta-python
.
sato-icon-theme
:
Became obsolete.
swabber-native
:
Swabber has been removed.
See the
entry on Swabber.
tslib
:
No longer needed and has been moved to
meta-oe
.
uclibc
:
Removed in favor of musl.
xtscal
:
No longer needed and moved to
meta-oe
The following classes have been removed:
distutils-native-base
:
No longer needed.
distutils3-native-base
:
No longer needed.
sdl
:
Only set
DEPENDS
and
SECTION
,
which are better set within the recipe instead.
sip
:
Mostly unused.
swabber
:
See the
entry on Swabber.
The following minor packaging changes have occurred:
grub
:
Split grub-editenv
into its own
package.
systemd
:
Split container and vm related units into a new package,
systemd-container.
util-linux
:
Moved prlimit
to a separate
util-linux-prlimit
package.
The following miscellaneous changes have occurred:
package_regex.inc
:
Removed because the definitions
package_regex.inc
previously contained
have been moved to their respective recipes.
Both devtool add
and
recipetool create
now use a fixed
SRCREV
by default when fetching from a Git repository.
You can override this in either case to use
${
AUTOREV
}
instead by using the -a
or
‐‐autorev
command-line
option
distcc
:
GTK+ UI is now disabled by default.
packagegroup-core-tools-testapps
:
Removed Piglit.
image.bbclass
:
Renamed COMPRESS(ION) to CONVERSION.
This change means that
COMPRESSIONTYPES
,
COMPRESS_DEPENDS
and
COMPRESS_CMD
are deprecated in favor
of CONVERSIONTYPES
,
CONVERSION_DEPENDS
and
CONVERSION_CMD
.
The COMPRESS*
variable names will
still work in the 2.2 release but metadata that does not
need to be backwards-compatible should be changed to
use the new names as the COMPRESS*
ones will be removed in a future release.
gtk-doc
:
A full version of gtk-doc
is now
made available.
However, some old software might not be capable of using
the current version of gtk-doc
to build documentation.
You need to change recipes that build such software so that
they explicitly disable building documentation with
gtk-doc
.
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 2.3 Release from the prior release.
The OpenEmbedded build system now uses one sysroot per recipe to resolve long-standing issues with configuration script auto-detection of undeclared dependencies. Consequently, you might find that some of your previously written custom recipes are missing declared dependencies, particularly those dependencies that are incidentally built earlier in a typical build process and thus are already likely to be present in the shared sysroot in previous releases.
Consider the following:
Declare Build-Time Dependencies: Because of this new feature, you must explicitly declare all build-time dependencies for your recipe. If you do not declare these dependencies, they are not populated into the sysroot for the recipe.
Specify Pre-Installation and Post-Installation
Native Tool Dependencies:
You must specifically specify any special native tool
dependencies of pkg_preinst
and
pkg_postinst
scripts by using the
PACKAGE_WRITE_DEPS
variable.
Specifying these dependencies ensures that these tools
are available if these scripts need to be run on the
build host during the
do_rootfs
task.
As an example, see the dbus
recipe.
You will see that this recipe has a
pkg_postinst
that calls
systemctl
if "systemd" is in
DISTRO_FEATURES
.
In the example,
systemd-systemctl-native
is added to
PACKAGE_WRITE_DEPS
, which is also
conditional on "systemd" being in
DISTRO_FEATURES
.
Examine Recipes that Use
SSTATEPOSTINSTFUNCS
:
You need to examine any recipe that uses
SSTATEPOSTINSTFUNCS
and determine
steps to take.
Functions added to
SSTATEPOSTINSTFUNCS
are still
called as they were in previous Yocto Project releases.
However, since a separate sysroot is now being populated
for every recipe and if existing functions being called
through SSTATEPOSTINSTFUNCS
are
doing relocation, then you will need to change these
to use a post-installation script that is installed by a
function added to
SYSROOT_PREPROCESS_FUNCS
.
For an example, see the
pixbufcache
class in
meta/classes/
in the Yocto Project
Source Repositories.
SSTATEPOSTINSTFUNCS
variable
itself is now deprecated in favor of the
do_populate_sysroot[postfuncs]
task.
Consequently, if you do still have any function or
functions that need to be called after the sysroot
component is created for a recipe, then you would be
well advised to take steps to use a post installation
script as described previously.
Taking these steps prepares your code for when
SSTATEPOSTINSTFUNCS
is
removed in a future Yocto Project release.
Specify the Sysroot when Using Certain
External Scripts:
Because the shared sysroot is now gone, the scripts
oe-find-native-sysroot
and
oe-run-native
have been changed such
that you need to specify which recipe's
STAGING_DIR_NATIVE
is used.
staging.bbclass
"
section.
PATH
Variable¶
Within the environment used to run build tasks, the environment
variable PATH
is now sanitized such that
the normal native binary paths
(/bin
, /sbin
,
/usr/bin
and so forth) are
removed and a directory containing symbolic links linking only
to the binaries from the host mentioned in the
HOSTTOOLS
and
HOSTTOOLS_NONFATAL
variables is added to PATH
.
Consequently, any native binaries provided by the host that you need to call needs to be in one of these two variables at the configuration level.
Alternatively, you can add a native recipe (i.e.
-native
) that provides the
binary to the recipe's
DEPENDS
value.
PATH
is not sanitized in the same way
within devshell
.
If it were, you would have difficulty running host tools for
development and debugging within the shell.
The following changes to scripts took place:
oe-find-native-sysroot
:
The usage for the
oe-find-native-sysroot
script has
changed to the following:
$ . oe-find-native-sysroot recipe
You must now supply a recipe for
recipe
as part of the command.
Prior to the Yocto Project 2.5.3 release, it was not
necessary to provide the script with the command.
oe-run-native
:
The usage for the
oe-run-native
script has changed
to the following:
$ oe-run-nativenative_recipe
tool
You must supply the name of the native recipe and the tool you want to run as part of the command. Prior to the Yocto Project 2.5.3 release, it was not necessary to provide the native recipe with the command.
cleanup-workdir
:
The cleanup-workdir
script has been
removed because the script was found to be deleting
files it should not have, which lead to broken build
trees.
Rather than trying to delete portions of
TMPDIR
and getting it wrong, it is recommended that you
delete TMPDIR
and have it restored
from shared state (sstate) on subsequent builds.
wipe-sysroot
:
The wipe-sysroot
script has been
removed as it is no longer needed with recipe-specific
sysroots.
The previously deprecated
bb.data.getVar()
,
bb.data.setVar()
, and
related functions have been removed in favor of
d.getVar()
,
d.setVar()
, and so forth.
You need to fix any references to these old functions.
The following changes took place for BitBake:
BitBake's Graphical Dependency Explorer UI Replaced:
BitBake's graphical dependency explorer UI
depexp
was replaced by
taskexp
("Task Explorer"), which
provides a graphical way of exploring the
task-depends.dot
file.
The data presented by Task Explorer is much more
accurate than the data that was presented by
depexp
.
Being able to visualize the data is an often requested
feature as standard *.dot
file
viewers cannot usual cope with the size of
the task-depends.dot
file.
BitBake "-g" Output Changes:
The package-depends.dot
and
pn-depends.dot
files as previously
generated using the bitbake -g
command
have been removed.
A recipe-depends.dot
file
is now generated as a collapsed version of
task-depends.dot
instead.
The reason for this change is because
package-depends.dot
and
pn-depends.dot
largely date back
to a time before task-based execution and do not take
into account task-level dependencies between recipes,
which could be misleading.
Mirror Variable Splitting Changes:
Mirror variables including
MIRRORS
,
PREMIRRORS
,
and
SSTATE_MIRRORS
can now separate values entirely with spaces.
Consequently, you no longer need "\\n".
BitBake looks for pairs of values, which simplifies usage.
There should be no change required to existing mirror
variable values themselves.
The Subversion (SVN) Fetcher Uses an "ssh" Parameter and Not an "rsh" Parameter:
The SVN fetcher now takes an "ssh" parameter instead of an
"rsh" parameter.
This new optional parameter is used when the "protocol"
parameter is set to "svn+ssh".
You can only use the new parameter to specify the
ssh
program used by SVN.
The SVN fetcher passes the new parameter through the
SVN_SSH
environment variable during
the
do_fetch
task.
See the "Subversion (SVN) Fetcher (svn://)" section in the BitBake User Manual for additional information.
BB_SETSCENE_VERIFY_FUNCTION
and BB_SETSCENE_VERIFY_FUNCTION2
Removed:
Because the mechanism they were part of is no longer
necessary with recipe-specific sysroots, the
BB_SETSCENE_VERIFY_FUNCTION
and
BB_SETSCENE_VERIFY_FUNCTION2
variables have been removed.
Absolute symbolic links (symlinks) within staged files are no
longer permitted and now trigger an error.
Any explicit creation of symlinks can use the
lnr
script, which is a replacement for
ln -r
.
If the build scripts in the software that the recipe is building
are creating a number of absolute symlinks that need to be
corrected, you can inherit
relative_symlinks
within the recipe to turn
those absolute symlinks into relative symlinks.
Older GPLv2 versions of GPLv3 recipes have moved to a
separate meta-gplv2
layer.
If you use
INCOMPATIBLE_LICENSE
to exclude GPLv3 or set
PREFERRED_VERSION
to substitute a GPLv2 version of a GPLv3 recipe, then you must add
the meta-gplv2
layer to your configuration.
meta-gplv2
layer in the
OpenEmbedded layer index at
https://layers.openembedded.org/layerindex/branch/master/layer/meta-gplv2/.
These relocated GPLv2 recipes do not receive the same level of maintenance as other core recipes. The recipes do not get security fixes and upstream no longer maintains them. In fact, the upstream community is actively hostile towards people that use the old versions of the recipes. Moving these recipes into a separate layer both makes the different needs of the recipes clearer and clearly identifies the number of these recipes.
The following package management changes took place:
Smart package manager is replaced by DNF package manager. Smart has become unmaintained upstream, is not ported to Python 3.x. Consequently, Smart needed to be replaced. DNF is the only feasible candidate.
The change in functionality is that the on-target runtime package management from remote package feeds is now done with a different tool that has a different set of command-line options. If you have scripts that call the tool directly, or use its API, they need to be fixed.
For more information, see the DNF Documentation.
Rpm 5.x is replaced with Rpm 4.x. This is done for two major reasons:
DNF is API-incompatible with Rpm 5.x and porting it and maintaining the port is non-trivial.
Rpm 5.x itself has limited maintenance upstream, and the Yocto Project is one of the very few remaining users.
Berkeley DB 6.x is removed and Berkeley DB 5.x becomes the default:
Version 6.x of Berkeley DB has largely been rejected by the open source community due to its AGPLv3 license. As a result, most mainstream open source projects that require DB are still developed and tested with DB 5.x.
In OE-core, the only thing that was requiring DB 6.x was Rpm 5.x. Thus, no reason exists to continue carrying DB 6.x in OE-core.
createrepo
is replaced with
createrepo_c
.
createrepo_c
is the current
incarnation of the tool that generates remote repository
metadata.
It is written in C as compared to
createrepo
, which is written in
Python.
createrepo_c
is faster and is
maintained.
Architecture-independent RPM packages are "noarch" instead of "all".
This change was made because too many places in
DNF/RPM4 stack already make that assumption.
Only the filenames and the architecture tag has changed.
Nothing else has changed in OE-core system, particularly
in the
allarch.bbclass
class.
Signing of remote package feeds using
PACKAGE_FEED_SIGN
is not currently supported.
This issue will be fully addressed in a future
Yocto Project release.
See defect 11209
for more information on a solution to package feed
signing with RPM in the Yocto Project 2.3 release.
OPKG now uses the libsolv backend for resolving package dependencies by default. This is vastly superior to OPKG's internal ad-hoc solver that was previously used. This change does have a small impact on disk (around 500 KB) and memory footprint.
The following recipes have been removed:
linux-yocto 4.8:
Version 4.8 has been removed.
Versions 4.1 (LTSI), 4.4 (LTS), 4.9 (LTS/LTSI) and 4.10
are now present.
python-smartpm:
Functionally replaced by dnf
.
createrepo:
Replaced by the createrepo-c
recipe.
rpmresolve:
No longer needed with the move to RPM 4 as RPM itself is
used instead.
gstreamer:
Removed the GStreamer Git version recipes as they have
been stale.
1.10.
x
recipes are still present.
alsa-conf-base:
Merged into alsa-conf
since
libasound
depended on both.
Essentially, no way existed to install only one of these.
tremor:
Moved to meta-multimedia
.
Fixed-integer Vorbis decoding is not
needed by current hardware.
Thus, GStreamer's ivorbis plugin has been disabled
by default eliminating the need for the
tremor
recipe in
OE-Core.
gummiboot:
Replaced by systemd-boot
.
The following changes have been made to Wic:
Default Output Directory Changed:
Wic's default output directory is now the current directory
by default instead of the unusual
/var/tmp/wic
.
The "-o" and "--outdir" options remain unchanged and are used to specify your preferred output directory if you do not want to use the default directory.
fsimage Plug-in Removed: The Wic fsimage plug-in has been removed as it duplicates functionality of the rawcopy plug-in.
The following QA checks have changed:
unsafe-references-in-binaries
:
The unsafe-references-in-binaries
QA check, which was disabled by default, has now been
removed.
This check was intended to detect binaries in
/bin
that link to libraries in
/usr/lib
and have the case where
the user has /usr
on a separate
filesystem to /
.
The removed QA check was buggy.
Additionally, /usr
residing on a
separate partition from /
is now
a rare configuration.
Consequently,
unsafe-references-in-binaries
was
removed.
file-rdeps
:
The file-rdeps
QA check is now an
error by default instead of a warning.
Because it is an error instead of a warning, you need to
address missing runtime dependencies.
For additional information, see the
insane
class and the
"Errors and Warnings"
section.
The following miscellaneous changes have occurred:
In this release, a number of recipes have been changed to
ignore the largefile
DISTRO_FEATURES
item, enabling large file support unconditionally.
This feature has always been enabled by default.
Disabling the feature has not been widely tested.
largefile
feature,
which would make it unconditionally enabled everywhere.
If the
DISTRO_VERSION
value contains the value of the
DATE
variable, which is the default between Poky releases,
the DATE
value is explicitly excluded
from /etc/issue
and
/etc/issue.net
, which is displayed at
the login prompt, in order to avoid conflicts with
Multilib enabled.
Regardless, the DATE
value is
inaccurate if the base-files
recipe is restored from shared state (sstate) rather
than rebuilt.
If you need the build date recorded in
/etc/issue*
or anywhere else in your
image, a better method is to define a post-processing
function to do it and have the function called from
ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND
.
Doing so ensures the value is always up-to-date with the
created image.
Dropbear's init
script now disables
DSA host keys by default.
This change is in line with the systemd service
file, which supports RSA keys only, and with recent
versions of OpenSSH, which deprecates DSA host keys.
The
buildhistory
class now correctly uses tabs as separators between all
columns in installed-package-sizes.txt
in order to aid import into other tools.
The USE_LDCONFIG
variable has been
replaced with the "ldconfig"
DISTRO_FEATURES
feature.
Distributions that previously set:
USE_LDCONFIG = "0"
should now instead use the following:
DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED_append = " ldconfig"
The default value of
COPYLEFT_LICENSE_INCLUDE
now includes all versions of AGPL licenses in addition
to GPL and LGPL.
Kernel module packages are now suffixed with the kernel version in order to allow module packages from multiple kernel versions to co-exist on a target system. If you wish to return to the previous naming scheme that does not include the version suffix, use the following:
KERNEL_MODULE_PACKAGE_SUFFIX to ""
Removal of libtool
*.la
files is now enabled by default.
The *.la
files are not actually
needed on Linux and relocating them is an unnecessary
burden.
If you need to preserve these
.la
files (e.g. in a custom
distribution), you must change
INHERIT_DISTRO
such that "remove-libtool" is not included in the value.
Extensible SDKs built for GCC 5+ now refuse to install on a
distribution where the host GCC version is 4.8 or 4.9.
This change resulted from the fact that the installation
is known to fail due to the way the
uninative
shared state (sstate)
package is built.
See the
uninative
class for additional information.
All native and nativesdk recipes now use a separate
DISTRO_FEATURES
value instead of
sharing the value used by recipes for the target, in order
to avoid unnecessary rebuilds.
The DISTRO_FEATURES
for
native
recipes is
DISTRO_FEATURES_NATIVE
added to an intersection of
DISTRO_FEATURES
and
DISTRO_FEATURES_FILTER_NATIVE
.
For nativesdk recipes, the
corresponding variables are
DISTRO_FEATURES_NATIVESDK
and
DISTRO_FEATURES_FILTER_NATIVESDK
.
The FILESDIR
variable, which was previously deprecated and rarely used,
has now been removed.
You should change any recipes that set
FILESDIR
to set
FILESPATH
instead.
The MULTIMACH_HOST_SYS
variable has been removed as it is no longer needed
with recipe-specific sysroots.
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 2.4 Release from the prior release.
A persistent mode is now available in BitBake's default operation,
replacing its previous "memory resident mode" (i.e.
oe-init-build-env-memres
).
Now you only need to set
BB_SERVER_TIMEOUT
to a timeout (in seconds) and BitBake's server stays resident for
that amount of time between invocations.
The oe-init-build-env-memres
script has been
removed since a separate environment setup script is no longer
needed.
This section provides information about packaging changes that have ocurred:
python3
Changes:
The main "python3" package now brings in all of the
standard Python 3 distribution rather than a subset.
This behavior matches what is expected based on
traditional Linux distributions.
If you wish to install a subset of Python 3, specify
python-core
plus one or more of
the individual packages that are still produced.
python3
:
The bz2.py
,
lzma.py
, and
_compression.py
scripts have
been moved from the
python3-misc
package to
the python3-compression
package.
binutils
:
The libbfd
library is now packaged in
a separate "libbfd" package.
This packaging saves space when certain tools
(e.g. perf
) are installed.
In such cases, the tools only need
libbfd
rather than all the packages in
binutils
.
util-linux
Changes:
The su
program is now packaged
in a separate "util-linux-su" package, which is only
built when "pam" is listed in the
DISTRO_FEATURES
variable.
util-linux
should not be
installed unless it is needed because
su
is normally provided through
the shadow file format.
The main util-linux
package has
runtime dependencies (i.e.
RDEPENDS
)
on the util-linux-su
package
when "pam" is in
DISTRO_FEATURES
.
The switch_root
program is now
packaged in a separate "util-linux-switch-root"
package for small initramfs images that do not need
the whole util-linux
package or
the busybox binary, which are both much larger than
switch_root
.
The main util-linux
package has
a recommended runtime dependency (i.e.
RRECOMMENDS
)
on the util-linux-switch-root
package.
The ionice
program is now
packaged in a separate "util-linux-ionice" package.
The main util-linux
package has
a recommended runtime dependency (i.e.
RRECOMMENDS
)
on the util-linux-ionice
package.
initscripts
:
The sushell
program is now packaged in
a separate "initscripts-sushell" package.
This packaging change allows systems to pull
sushell
in when
selinux
is enabled.
The change also eliminates needing to pull in the entire
initscripts
package.
The main initscripts
package has a
runtime dependency (i.e. RDEPENDS
)
on the sushell
package when
"selinux" is in DISTRO_FEATURES
.
glib-2.0
:
The glib-2.0
package now has a
recommended runtime dependency (i.e.
RRECOMMENDS
) on the
shared-mime-info
package, since large
portions of GIO are not useful without the MIME database.
You can remove the dependency by using the
BAD_RECOMMENDATIONS
variable if shared-mime-info
is too
large and is not required.
Go Standard Runtime:
The Go standard runtime has been split out from the main
go
recipe into a separate
go-runtime
recipe.
The following recipes have been removed:
acpitests
:
This recipe is not maintained.
autogen-native
:
No longer required by Grub, oe-core, or meta-oe.
bdwgc
:
Nothing in OpenEmbedded-Core requires this recipe.
It has moved to meta-oe.
byacc
:
This recipe was only needed by rpm 5.x and has moved to
meta-oe.
gcc (5.4)
:
The 5.4 series dropped the recipe in favor of 6.3 / 7.2.
gnome-common
:
Deprecated upstream and no longer needed.
go-bootstrap-native
:
Go 1.9 does its own bootstrapping so this recipe has been
removed.
guile
:
This recipe was only needed by
autogen-native
and
remake
.
The recipe is no longer needed by either of these programs.
libclass-isa-perl
:
This recipe was previously needed for LSB 4, no longer
needed.
libdumpvalue-perl
:
This recipe was previously needed for LSB 4, no longer
needed.
libenv-perl
:
This recipe was previously needed for LSB 4, no longer
needed.
libfile-checktree-perl
:
This recipe was previously needed for LSB 4, no longer
needed.
libi18n-collate-perl
:
This recipe was previously needed for LSB 4, no longer
needed.
libiconv
:
This recipe was only needed for uclibc
,
which was removed in the previous release.
glibc
and musl
have their own implementations.
meta-mingw
still needs
libiconv
, so it has
been moved to meta-mingw
.
libpng12
:
This recipe was previously needed for LSB. The current
libpng
is 1.6.x.
libpod-plainer-perl
:
This recipe was previously needed for LSB 4, no longer
needed.
linux-yocto (4.1)
:
This recipe was removed in favor of 4.4, 4.9, 4.10 and 4.12.
mailx
:
This recipe was previously only needed for LSB
compatibility, and upstream is defunct.
mesa (git version only)
:
The git version recipe was stale with respect to the release
version.
ofono (git version only)
:
The git version recipe was stale with respect to the release
version.
portmap
:
This recipe is obsolete and is superseded by
rpcbind
.
python3-pygpgme
:
This recipe is old and unmaintained. It was previously
required by dnf
, which has switched
to official gpgme
Python bindings.
python-async
:
This recipe has been removed in favor of the Python 3
version.
python-gitdb
:
This recipe has been removed in favor of the Python 3
version.
python-git
:
This recipe was removed in favor of the Python 3
version.
python-mako
:
This recipe was removed in favor of the Python 3
version.
python-pexpect
:
This recipe was removed in favor of the Python 3 version.
python-ptyprocess
:
This recipe was removed in favor of Python the 3 version.
python-pycurl
:
Nothing is using this recipe in OpenEmbedded-Core
(i.e. meta-oe
).
python-six
:
This recipe was removed in favor of the Python 3 version.
python-smmap
:
This recipe was removed in favor of the Python 3 version.
remake
:
Using remake
as the provider of
virtual/make
is broken.
Consequently, this recipe is not needed in OpenEmbedded-Core.
Kernel Device Tree support is now easier to enable in a kernel
recipe.
The Device Tree code has moved to a
kernel-devicetree
class.
Functionality is automatically enabled for any recipe that inherits
the
kernel
class and sets the
KERNEL_DEVICETREE
variable.
The previous mechanism for doing this,
meta/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-dtb.inc
,
is still available to avoid breakage, but triggers a
deprecation warning.
Future releases of the Yocto Project will remove
meta/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-dtb.inc
.
It is advisable to remove any require
statements that request
meta/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-dtb.inc
from any custom kernel recipes you might have.
This will avoid breakage in post 2.4 releases.
The following package QA changes took place:
The "unsafe-references-in-scripts" QA check has been removed.
If you refer to ${COREBASE}/LICENSE
within
LIC_FILES_CHKSUM
you receive a warning because this file is a description of
the license for OE-Core.
Use ${COMMON_LICENSE_DIR}/MIT
if your recipe is MIT-licensed and you cannot use the
preferred method of referring to a file within the source
tree.
README
File Changes¶
The following are changes to README
files:
The main Poky README
file has been
moved to the meta-poky
layer and
has been renamed README.poky
.
A symlink has been created so that references to the old
location work.
The README.hardware
file has been moved
to meta-yocto-bsp
.
A symlink has been created so that references to the old
location work.
A README.qemu
file has been created
with coverage of the qemu*
machines.
The following are additional changes:
The ROOTFS_PKGMANAGE_BOOTSTRAP
variable and any references to it have been removed.
You should remove this variable from any custom recipes.
The meta-yocto
directory has been
removed.
meta-yocto
was renamed to
meta-poky
and the
meta-yocto
subdirectory remained
to avoid breaking existing configurations.
The maintainers.inc
file, which tracks
maintainers by listing a primary person responsible for each
recipe in OE-Core, has been moved from
meta-poky
to OE-Core (i.e. from
meta-poky/conf/distro/include
to
meta/conf/distro/include
).
The
buildhistory
class now makes a single commit per build rather than one
commit per subdirectory in the repository.
This behavior assumes the commits are enabled with
BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT
= "1", which is typical.
Previously, the buildhistory
class made
one commit per subdirectory in the repository in order to
make it easier to see the changes for a particular
subdirectory.
To view a particular change, specify that subdirectory as
the last parameter on the git show
or git diff
commands.
The x86-base.inc
file, which is
included by all x86-based machine configurations, now sets
IMAGE_FSTYPES
using ?=
to "live" rather than
appending with +=
.
This change makes the default easier to override.
BitBake fires multiple "BuildStarted" events when multiconfig is enabled (one per configuration). For more information, see the "Events" section in the BitBake User Manual.
By default, the security_flags.inc
file
sets a
GCCPIE
variable with an option to enable Position Independent
Executables (PIE) within gcc
.
Enabling PIE in the GNU C Compiler (GCC), makes Return
Oriented Programming (ROP) attacks much more difficult to
execute.
OE-Core now provides a
bitbake-layers
plugin that implements
a "create-layer" subcommand.
The implementation of this subcommand has resulted in the
yocto-layer
script being deprecated and
will likely be removed in the next Yocto Project release.
The vmdk
, vdi
,
and qcow2
image file types are now
used in conjunction with the "wic" image type through
CONVERSION_CMD
.
Consequently, the equivalent image types are now
wic.vmdk
, wic.vdi
,
and wic.qcow2
, respectively.
do_image_<type>[depends]
has
replaced IMAGE_DEPENDS_<type>
.
If you have your own classes that implement custom image
types, then you need to update them.
OpenSSL 1.1 has been introduced.
However, the default is still 1.0.x through the
PREFERRED_VERSION
variable.
This preference is set is due to the remaining compatibility
issues with other software.
The
PROVIDES
variable in the openssl 1.0 recipe now includes "openssl10"
as a marker that can be used in
DEPENDS
within recipes that build software that still depend on
OpenSSL 1.0.
To ensure consistent behavior, BitBake's "-r" and "-R" options (i.e. prefile and postfile), which are used to read or post-read additional configuration files from the command line, now only affect the current BitBake command. Before these BitBake changes, these options would "stick" for future executions.
This section provides migration information for moving to the Yocto Project 2.5 Release from the prior release.
This section provides information about packaging changes that have occurred:
bind-libs
:
The libraries packaged by the bind recipe are in a
separate bind-libs
package.
libfm-gtk
:
The libfm
GTK+ bindings are split into
a separate libfm-gtk
package.
flex-libfl
:
The flex recipe splits out libfl into a separate
flex-libfl
package to avoid too many
dependencies being pulled in where only the library is
needed.
grub-efi
:
The grub-efi
configuration is split
into a separate grub-bootconf
recipe.
However, the dependency relationship from
grub-efi
is through a
virtual/grub-bootconf provider making it possible to have
your own recipe provide the dependency.
Alternatively, you can use a BitBake append file to bring
the configuration back into the
grub-efi
recipe.
armv7a Legacy Package Feed Support:
Legacy support is removed for transitioning from
armv7a
to
armv7a-vfp-neon
in package feeds,
which was previously enabled by setting
PKGARCHCOMPAT_ARMV7A
.
This transition occurred in 2011 and active package feeds
should by now be updated to the new naming.
The following recipes have been removed:
gcc
:
The version 6.4 recipes are replaced by 7.x.
gst-player
:
Renamed to gst-examples
as per
upstream.
hostap-utils
:
This software package is obsolete.
latencytop
:
This recipe is no longer maintained upstream.
The last release was in 2009.
libpfm4
:
The only file that requires this recipe is
oprofile
, which has been removed.
linux-yocto
:
The version 4.4, 4.9, and 4.10 recipes have been removed.
Versions 4.12, 4.14, and 4.15 remain.
man
:
This recipe has been replaced by modern
man-db
mkelfimage
:
This tool has been removed in the upstream coreboot project,
and is no longer needed with the removal of the ELF image
type.
nativesdk-postinst-intercept
:
This recipe is not maintained.
neon
:
This software package is no longer maintained upstream and
is no longer needed by anything in OpenEmbedded-Core.
oprofile
:
The functionality of this recipe is replaced by
perf
and keeping compatibility on
an ongoing basis with musl
is
difficult.
pax
:
This software package is obsolete.
stat
:
This software package is not maintained upstream.
coreutils
provides a modern stat binary.
zisofs-tools-native
:
This recipe is no longer needed because the compressed
ISO image feature has been removed.
The following are changes to scripts and tools:
yocto-bsp
,
yocto-kernel
, and
yocto-layer
:
The yocto-bsp
,
yocto-kernel
, and
yocto-layer
scripts previously shipped
with poky but not in OpenEmbedded-Core have been removed.
These scripts are not maintained and are outdated.
In many cases, they are also limited in scope.
The bitbake-layers create-layer
command
is a direct replacement for yocto-layer
.
See the documentation to create a BSP or kernel recipe in
the
"BSP Kernel Recipe Example"
section.
devtool finish
:
devtool finish
now exits with an error
if there are uncommitted changes or a rebase/am in progress
in the recipe's source repository.
If this error occurs, there might be uncommitted changes
that will not be included in updates to the patches applied
by the recipe.
A -f/--force option is provided for situations that the
uncommitted changes are inconsequential and you want to
proceed regardless.
scripts/oe-setup-rpmrepo
script:
The functionality of
scripts/oe-setup-rpmrepo
is replaced by
bitbake package-index
.
scripts/test-dependencies.sh
script:
The script is largely made obsolete by the
recipe-specific sysroots functionality introduced in the
previous release.
The following are BitBake changes:
The --runall
option has changed.
There are two different behaviors people might want:
Behavior A: For a given target (or set of targets) look through the task graph and run task X only if it is present and will be built.
Behavior B: For a given target (or set of targets) look through the task graph and run task X if any recipe in the taskgraph has such a target, even if it is not in the original task graph.
The --runall
option now performs
"Behavior B".
Previously --runall
behaved like
"Behavior A".
A --runonly
option has been added to
retain the ability to perform "Behavior A".
Several explicit "run this task for all recipes in the
dependency tree" tasks have been removed (e.g.
fetchall
,
checkuriall
, and the
*all
tasks provided by the
distrodata
and
archiver
classes).
There is a BitBake option to complete this for any arbitrary
task. For example:
bitbake <target> -c fetchall
should now be replaced with:
bitbake <target> --runall=fetch
The following are auto-packaging changes to Python and Python 3:
The script-managed python-*-manifest.inc
files
that were previously used to generate Python and Python 3
packages have been replaced with a JSON-based file that is
easier to read and maintain.
A new task is available for maintainers of the Python recipes to
update the JSON file when upgrading to new Python versions.
You can now edit the file directly instead of having to edit a
script and run it to update the file.
One particular change to note is that the Python recipes no longer
have build-time provides for their packages.
This assumes python-foo
is one of the packages
provided by the Python recipe.
You can no longer run bitbake python-foo
or
have a DEPENDS
on
python-foo
, but doing either of the following
causes the package to work as expected:
IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " python-foo"
or
RDEPENDS_${PN} = "python-foo"
The earlier build-time provides behavior was a quirk of the way the Python manifest file was created. For more information on this change please see this commit.
The following are additional changes:
The kernel
class supports building
packages for multiple kernels.
If your kernel recipe or .bbappend
file
mentions packaging at all, you should replace references to
the kernel in package names with
${KERNEL_PACKAGE_NAME}
.
For example, if you disable automatic installation of the
kernel image using
RDEPENDS_kernel-base = ""
you can avoid
warnings using
RDEPENDS_${KERNEL_PACKAGE_NAME}-base = ""
instead.
The buildhistory
class commits changes
to the repository by default so you no longer need to set
BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT = "1"
.
If you want to disable commits you need to set
BUILDHISTORY_COMMIT = "0"
in your
configuration.
The beaglebone
reference machine has
been renamed to beaglebone-yocto
.
The beaglebone-yocto
BSP is a reference
implementation using only mainline components available in
OpenEmbedded-Core and meta-yocto-bsp
,
whereas Texas Instruments maintains a full-featured BSP in
the meta-ti
layer.
This rename avoids the previous name clash that existed
between the two BSPs.
The update-alternatives
class no longer
works with SysV init
scripts because
this usage has been problematic.
Also, the sysklogd
recipe no longer
uses update-alternatives
because it is
incompatible with other implementations.
By default, the cmake
class uses
ninja
instead of
make
for building.
This improves build performance.
If a recipe is broken with ninja
, then
the recipe can set
OECMAKE_GENERATOR = "Unix Makefiles"
to change back to make
.
The previously deprecated base_*
functions have been removed in favor of their replacements
in meta/lib/oe
and
bitbake/lib/bb
.
These are typically used from recipes and classes.
Any references to the old functions must be updated.
The following table shows the removed functions and their
replacements:
Removed Replacement ============================ ============================ base_path_join() oe.path.join() base_path_relative() oe.path.relative() base_path_out() oe.path.format_display() base_read_file() oe.utils.read_file() base_ifelse() oe.utils.ifelse() base_conditional() oe.utils.conditional() base_less_or_equal() oe.utils.less_or_equal() base_version_less_or_equal() oe.utils.version_less_or_equal() base_contains() bb.utils.contains() base_both_contain() oe.utils.both_contain() base_prune_suffix() oe.utils.prune_suffix() oe_filter() oe.utils.str_filter() oe_filter_out() oe.utils.str_filter_out() (or use the _remove operator).
Using exit 1
to explicitly defer a
postinstall script until first boot is now deprecated since
it is not an obvious mechanism and can mask actual errors.
If you want to explicitly defer a postinstall to first boot
on the target rather than at rootfs
creation time, use
pkg_postinst_ontarget()
or call
postinst-intercepts defer_to_first_boot
from pkg_postinst()
.
Any failure of a pkg_postinst()
script (including exit 1
)
will trigger a warning during
do_rootfs
.
The elf
image type has been removed.
This image type was removed because the
mkelfimage
tool
that was required to create it is no longer provided by
coreboot upstream and required updating every time
binutils
updated.
Support for .iso image compression (previously enabled
through COMPRESSISO = "1"
) has been
removed.
The userspace tools (zisofs-tools
) are
unmaintained and squashfs
provides
better performance and compression.
In order to build a live image with squashfs+lz4 compression
enabled you should now set
LIVE_ROOTFS_TYPE = "squashfs-lz4"
and ensure that live
is in IMAGE_FSTYPES
.
Recipes with an unconditional dependency on
libpam
are only buildable with
pam
in
DISTRO_FEATURES
.
If the dependency is truly optional then it is recommended
that the dependency be conditional upon
pam
being in
DISTRO_FEATURES
.
For EFI-based machines, the bootloader
(grub-efi
by default) is installed into
the image at /boot.
Wic can be used to split the bootloader into separate boot
and rootfs partitions if necessary.
Patches whose context does not match exactly (i.e. where patch reports "fuzz" when applying) will generate a warning. For an example of this see this commit.
Layers are expected to set
LAYERSERIES_COMPAT_layername
to match the version(s) of OpenEmbedded-Core they are
compatible with.
This is specified as codenames using spaces to separate
multiple values (e.g. "rocko sumo").
If a layer does not set
LAYERSERIES_COMPAT_layername
, a warning
will is shown.
If a layer sets a value that does not include the current
version ("sumo" for the 2.5 release), then an error will be
produced.
The TZ
environment variable is set to
"UTC" within the build environment in order to fix
reproducibility problems in some recipes.
Table of Contents
build/
build/buildhistory
build/conf/local.conf
build/conf/bblayers.conf
build/conf/sanity_info
build/downloads/
build/sstate-cache/
build/tmp/
build/tmp/buildstats/
build/tmp/cache/
build/tmp/deploy/
build/tmp/deploy/deb/
build/tmp/deploy/rpm/
build/tmp/deploy/ipk/
build/tmp/deploy/licenses/
build/tmp/deploy/images/
build/tmp/deploy/sdk/
build/tmp/sstate-control/
build/tmp/sysroots-components/
build/tmp/sysroots/
build/tmp/stamps/
build/tmp/log/
build/tmp/work/
build/tmp/work/tunearch
/recipename
/version
/
build/tmp/work-shared/
meta/
meta/classes/
meta/conf/
meta/conf/machine/
meta/conf/distro/
meta/conf/machine-sdk/
meta/files/
meta/lib/
meta/recipes-bsp/
meta/recipes-connectivity/
meta/recipes-core/
meta/recipes-devtools/
meta/recipes-extended/
meta/recipes-gnome/
meta/recipes-graphics/
meta/recipes-kernel/
meta/recipes-lsb4/
meta/recipes-multimedia/
meta/recipes-rt/
meta/recipes-sato/
meta/recipes-support/
meta/site/
meta/recipes.txt
The Source Directory consists of several components. Understanding them and knowing where they are located is key to using the Yocto Project well. This chapter describes the Source Directory and gives information about the various files and directories.
For information on how to establish a local Source Directory on your development system, see the "Locating Yocto Project Source Files" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
This section describes the top-level components of the Source Directory.
bitbake/
¶This directory includes a copy of BitBake for ease of use. The copy usually matches the current stable BitBake release from the BitBake project. BitBake, a Metadata interpreter, reads the Yocto Project Metadata and runs the tasks defined by that data. Failures are usually from the Metadata and not from BitBake itself. Consequently, most users do not need to worry about BitBake.
When you run the bitbake
command, the
main BitBake executable, which resides in the
bitbake/bin/
directory, starts.
Sourcing the environment setup script (i.e.
oe-init-build-env
)
places the scripts
and
bitbake/bin
directories (in that order) into
the shell's PATH
environment variable.
For more information on BitBake, see the BitBake User Manual.
build/
¶
This directory contains user configuration files and the output
generated by the OpenEmbedded build system in its standard configuration where
the source tree is combined with the output.
The
Build Directory
is created initially when you source
the OpenEmbedded build environment setup script
(i.e.
oe-init-build-env
).
It is also possible to place output and configuration
files in a directory separate from the
Source Directory
by providing a directory name when you source
the setup script.
For information on separating output from your local
Source Directory files, see the
"oe-init-build-env
"
section.
documentation/
¶
This directory holds the source for the Yocto Project documentation
as well as templates and tools that allow you to generate PDF and HTML
versions of the manuals.
Each manual is contained in a sub-folder.
For example, the files for this manual reside in
the ref-manual/
directory.
meta/
¶
This directory contains the OpenEmbedded-Core metadata.
The directory holds recipes, common classes, and machine
configuration for emulated targets (qemux86
,
qemuarm
, and so forth.)
meta-poky/
¶This directory contains the configuration for the Poky reference distribution.
meta-yocto-bsp/
¶This directory contains the Yocto Project reference hardware Board Support Packages (BSPs). For more information on BSPs, see the Yocto Project Board Support Package (BSP) Developer's Guide.
meta-selftest/
¶This directory adds additional recipes and append files used by the OpenEmbedded selftests to verify the behavior of the build system.
You do not have to add this layer to your
bblayers.conf
file unless you want to run the
selftests.
meta-skeleton/
¶This directory contains template recipes for BSP and kernel development.
scripts/
¶
This directory contains various integration scripts that implement
extra functionality in the Yocto Project environment (e.g. QEMU scripts).
The oe-init-build-env
script appends this directory to the shell's
PATH
environment variable.
The scripts
directory has useful scripts that assist in contributing
back to the Yocto Project, such as create-pull-request
and
send-pull-request
.
oe-init-build-env
¶
This script sets up the OpenEmbedded build environment.
Running this script with the source
command in
a shell makes changes to PATH
and sets other
core BitBake variables based on the current working directory.
You need to run an environment setup script before running BitBake
commands.
The script uses other scripts within the
scripts
directory to do the bulk of the work.
When you run this script, your Yocto Project environment is set up, a Build Directory is created, your working directory becomes the Build Directory, and you are presented with a list of common BitBake targets. Here is an example:
$ source oe-init-build-env ### Shell environment set up for builds. ### You can now run 'bitbake <target>' Common targets are: core-image-minimal core-image-sato meta-toolchain meta-ide-support You can also run generated qemu images with a command like 'runqemu qemux86'
The script gets its default list of common targets from the
conf-notes.txt
file, which is found in the
meta-poky
directory within the
Source Directory.
Should you have custom distributions, it is very easy to modify
this configuration file to include your targets for your
distribution.
See the
"Creating a Custom Template Configuration Directory"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more
information.
By default, running this script without a Build Directory
argument creates the build
directory
in your current working directory.
If you provide a Build Directory argument when you
source
the script, you direct the OpenEmbedded
build system to create a Build Directory of your choice.
For example, the following command creates a Build Directory named
mybuilds
that is outside of the
Source Directory:
$ source oe-init-build-env ~/mybuilds
The OpenEmbedded build system uses the template configuration
files, which are found by default in the
meta-poky/conf
directory in the
Source Directory.
See the
"Creating a Custom Template Configuration Directory"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more
information.
oe-init-build-env
script
from a Source Directory that contains spaces in either the filenames
or directory names, the script returns an error indicating no such
file or directory.
Be sure to use a Source Directory free of names containing spaces.
LICENSE, README, and README.hardware
¶These files are standard top-level files.
build/
¶
The OpenEmbedded build system creates the
Build Directory
when you run the build environment setup scripts (i.e.
oe-init-build-env
).
If you do not give the Build Directory a specific name when you run
a setup script, the name defaults to build
.
The
TOPDIR
variable
points to the Build Directory.
build/buildhistory
¶The OpenEmbedded build system creates this directory when you enable the build history feature. The directory tracks build information into image, packages, and SDK subdirectories. For information on the build history feature, see the "Maintaining Build Output Quality" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
build/conf/local.conf
¶
This configuration file contains all the local user configurations
for your build environment.
The local.conf
file contains documentation on
the various configuration options.
Any variable set here overrides any variable set elsewhere within
the environment unless that variable is hard-coded within a file
(e.g. by using '=' instead of '?=').
Some variables are hard-coded for various reasons but these
variables are relatively rare.
Edit this file to set the
MACHINE
for which you want to build, which package types you wish to use
(PACKAGE_CLASSES
),
and the location from which you want to access downloaded files
(DL_DIR
).
If local.conf
is not present when you
start the build, the OpenEmbedded build system creates it from
local.conf.sample
when
you source
the top-level build environment
setup script (i.e.
oe-init-build-env
).
The source local.conf.sample
file used
depends on the $TEMPLATECONF
script variable,
which defaults to meta-poky/conf
when you are building from the Yocto Project development
environment and defaults to meta/conf
when
you are building from the OpenEmbedded-Core environment.
Because the script variable points to the source of the
local.conf.sample
file, this implies that
you can configure your build environment from any layer by setting
the variable in the top-level build environment setup script as
follows:
TEMPLATECONF=your_layer
/conf
Once the build process gets the sample file, it uses
sed
to substitute final
${
OEROOT
}
values for all ##OEROOT##
values.
TEMPLATECONF
variable
is used by looking at the
scripts/oe-setup-builddir
script in the
Source Directory.
You can find the Yocto Project version of the
local.conf.sample
file in the
meta-poky/conf
directory.
build/conf/bblayers.conf
¶
This configuration file defines
layers,
which are directory trees, traversed (or walked) by BitBake.
The bblayers.conf
file uses the
BBLAYERS
variable to list the layers BitBake tries to find.
If bblayers.conf
is not present when you
start the build, the OpenEmbedded build system creates it from
bblayers.conf.sample
when
you source
the top-level build environment
setup script (i.e.
oe-init-build-env
).
The source bblayers.conf.sample
file used
depends on the $TEMPLATECONF
script variable,
which defaults to meta-poky/conf
when you are building from the Yocto Project development
environment and defaults to meta/conf
when
you are building from the OpenEmbedded-Core environment.
Because the script variable points to the source of the
bblayers.conf.sample
file, this implies that
you can base your build from any layer by setting the variable in
the top-level build environment setup script as follows:
TEMPLATECONF=your_layer
/conf
Once the build process gets the sample file, it uses
sed
to substitute final
${
OEROOT
}
values for all ##OEROOT##
values.
TEMPLATECONF
variable
scripts/oe-setup-builddir
script in the
Source Directory.
You can find the Yocto Project version of the
bblayers.conf.sample
file in the
meta-poky/conf
directory.
build/conf/sanity_info
¶This file indicates the state of the sanity checks and is created during the build.
build/downloads/
¶
This directory contains downloaded upstream source tarballs.
You can reuse the directory for multiple builds or move
the directory to another location.
You can control the location of this directory through the
DL_DIR
variable.
build/sstate-cache/
¶
This directory contains the shared state cache.
You can reuse the directory for multiple builds or move
the directory to another location.
You can control the location of this directory through the
SSTATE_DIR
variable.
build/tmp/
¶
The OpenEmbedded build system creates and uses this directory
for all the build system's output.
The
TMPDIR
variable points to this directory.
BitBake creates this directory if it does not exist.
As a last resort, to clean up a build and start it from scratch
(other than the downloads), you can remove everything in the
tmp
directory or get rid of the
directory completely.
If you do, you should also completely remove the
build/sstate-cache
directory.
build/tmp/buildstats/
¶This directory stores the build statistics.
build/tmp/cache/
¶
When BitBake parses the metadata (recipes and configuration files),
it caches the results in build/tmp/cache/
to speed up future builds.
The results are stored on a per-machine basis.
During subsequent builds, BitBake checks each recipe (together with, for example, any files included or appended to it) to see if they have been modified. Changes can be detected, for example, through file modification time (mtime) changes and hashing of file contents. If no changes to the file are detected, then the parsed result stored in the cache is reused. If the file has changed, it is reparsed.
build/tmp/deploy/
¶
This directory contains any "end result" output from the
OpenEmbedded build process.
The DEPLOY_DIR
variable points to this directory.
For more detail on the contents of the deploy
directory, see the
"Images"
and
"Application Development SDK"
sections in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
build/tmp/deploy/deb/
¶
This directory receives any .deb
packages produced by
the build process.
The packages are sorted into feeds for different architecture types.
build/tmp/deploy/rpm/
¶
This directory receives any .rpm
packages produced by
the build process.
The packages are sorted into feeds for different architecture types.
build/tmp/deploy/ipk/
¶
This directory receives .ipk
packages produced by
the build process.
build/tmp/deploy/licenses/
¶
This directory receives package licensing information.
For example, the directory contains sub-directories for bash
,
busybox
, and glibc
(among others) that in turn
contain appropriate COPYING
license files with other licensing information.
For information on licensing, see the
"Maintaining Open Source License Compliance During Your Product's Lifecycle"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
build/tmp/deploy/images/
¶This directory receives complete filesystem images. If you want to flash the resulting image from a build onto a device, look here for the image.
Be careful when deleting files in this directory.
You can safely delete old images from this directory (e.g.
core-image-*
).
However, the kernel (*zImage*
, *uImage*
, etc.),
bootloader and other supplementary files might be deployed here prior to building an
image.
Because these files are not directly produced from the image, if you
delete them they will not be automatically re-created when you build the image again.
If you do accidentally delete files here, you will need to force them to be re-created. In order to do that, you will need to know the target that produced them. For example, these commands rebuild and re-create the kernel files:
$ bitbake -c clean virtual/kernel $ bitbake virtual/kernel
build/tmp/deploy/sdk/
¶The OpenEmbedded build system creates this directory to hold toolchain installer scripts, which when executed, install the sysroot that matches your target hardware. You can find out more about these installers in the "Building an SDK Installer" section in the Yocto Project Application Development and the Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual.
build/tmp/sstate-control/
¶The OpenEmbedded build system uses this directory for the shared state manifest files. The shared state code uses these files to record the files installed by each sstate task so that the files can be removed when cleaning the recipe or when a newer version is about to be installed. The build system also uses the manifests to detect and produce a warning when files from one task are overwriting those from another.
build/tmp/sysroots-components/
¶
This directory is the location of the sysroot contents that the
task
do_prepare_recipe_sysroot
links or copies into the recipe-specific sysroot for each
recipe listed in
DEPENDS
.
Population of this directory is handled through shared state, while
the path is specified by the
COMPONENTS_DIR
variable. Apart from a few unusual circumstances, handling of the
sysroots-components
directory should be
automatic, and recipes should not directly reference
build/tmp/sysroots-components
.
build/tmp/sysroots/
¶
Previous versions of the OpenEmbedded build system used to
create a global shared sysroot per machine along with a native
sysroot.
Beginning with the 2.5.3 version of the Yocto Project,
sysroots exist in recipe-specific
WORKDIR
directories.
Thus, the build/tmp/sysroots/
directory
is unused.
build/tmp/sysroots/
directory
can still be populated using the
bitbake build-sysroots
command and can
be used for compatibility in some cases.
However, in general it is not recommended to populate
this directory.
Individual recipe-specific sysroots should be used.
build/tmp/stamps/
¶This directory holds information that BitBake uses for accounting purposes to track what tasks have run and when they have run. The directory is sub-divided by architecture, package name, and version. Following is an example:
stamps/all-poky-linux/distcc-config/1.0-r0.do_build-2fdd....2do
Although the files in the directory are empty of data, BitBake uses the filenames and timestamps for tracking purposes.
For information on how BitBake uses stamp files to determine if a task should be rerun, see the "Stamp Files and the Rerunning of Tasks" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
build/tmp/log/
¶
This directory contains general logs that are not otherwise placed using the
package's WORKDIR
.
Examples of logs are the output from the
do_check_pkg
or
do_distro_check
tasks.
Running a build does not necessarily mean this directory is created.
build/tmp/work/
¶
This directory contains architecture-specific work sub-directories
for packages built by BitBake.
All tasks execute from the appropriate work directory.
For example, the source for a particular package is unpacked,
patched, configured and compiled all within its own work directory.
Within the work directory, organization is based on the package group
and version for which the source is being compiled
as defined by the
WORKDIR
.
It is worth considering the structure of a typical work directory.
As an example, consider linux-yocto-kernel-3.0
on the machine qemux86
built within the Yocto Project.
For this package, a work directory of
tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/linux-yocto/3.0+git1+<.....>
,
referred to as the WORKDIR
, is created.
Within this directory, the source is unpacked to
linux-qemux86-standard-build
and then patched by Quilt.
(See the
"Using Quilt in Your Workflow"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more
information.)
Within the linux-qemux86-standard-build
directory,
standard Quilt directories linux-3.0/patches
and linux-3.0/.pc
are created,
and standard Quilt commands can be used.
There are other directories generated within WORKDIR
.
The most important directory is WORKDIR/temp/
,
which has log files for each task (log.do_*.pid
)
and contains the scripts BitBake runs for each task
(run.do_*.pid
).
The WORKDIR/image/
directory is where "make
install" places its output that is then split into sub-packages
within WORKDIR/packages-split/
.
build/tmp/work/tunearch
/recipename
/version
/
¶
The recipe work directory - ${WORKDIR}
.
As described earlier in the
"build/tmp/sysroots/
"
section, beginning with the 2.5.3 release of the Yocto
Project, the OpenEmbedded build system builds each recipe in its
own work directory (i.e.
WORKDIR
).
The path to the work directory is constructed using the
architecture of the given build (e.g.
TUNE_PKGARCH
,
MACHINE_ARCH
,
or "allarch"), the recipe name, and the version of the recipe (i.e.
PE
:
PV
-
PR
).
A number of key subdirectories exist within each recipe work directory:
${WORKDIR}/temp
:
Contains the log files of each task executed for this
recipe, the "run" files for each executed task, which
contain the code run, and a
log.task_order
file, which lists the
order in which tasks were executed.
${WORKDIR}/image
:
Contains the output of the
do_install
task, which corresponds to the
${
D
}
variable in that task.
${WORKDIR}/pseudo
:
Contains the pseudo database and log for any tasks executed
under pseudo for the recipe.
${WORKDIR}/sysroot-destdir
:
Contains the output of the
do_populate_sysroot
task.
${WORKDIR}/package
:
Contains the output of the
do_package
task before the output is split into individual packages.
${WORKDIR}/packages-split
:
Contains the output of the do_package
task after the output has been split into individual
packages.
Subdirectories exist for each individual package created
by the recipe.
${WORKDIR}/recipe-sysroot
:
A directory populated with the target dependencies of the
recipe.
This directory looks like the target filesystem and
contains libraries that the recipe might need to link
against (e.g. the C library).
${WORKDIR}/recipe-sysroot-native
:
A directory populated with the native dependencies of the
recipe.
This directory contains the tools the recipe needs to build
(e.g. the compiler, Autoconf, libtool, and so forth).
${WORKDIR}/build
:
This subdirectory applies only to recipes that support
builds where the source is separate from the
build artifacts.
The OpenEmbedded build system uses this directory as a
separate build directory (i.e.
${
B
}
).
build/tmp/work-shared/
¶
For efficiency, the OpenEmbedded build system creates and uses
this directory to hold recipes that share a work directory with
other recipes.
In practice, this is only used for gcc
and its variants (e.g. gcc-cross
,
libgcc
, gcc-runtime
,
and so forth).
meta/
¶As mentioned previously, Metadata is the core of the Yocto Project. Metadata has several important subdivisions:
meta/classes/
¶
This directory contains the *.bbclass
files.
Class files are used to abstract common code so it can be reused by multiple
packages.
Every package inherits the base.bbclass
file.
Examples of other important classes are autotools.bbclass
, which
in theory allows any Autotool-enabled package to work with the Yocto Project with minimal effort.
Another example is kernel.bbclass
that contains common code and functions
for working with the Linux kernel.
Functions like image generation or packaging also have their specific class files
such as image.bbclass
, rootfs_*.bbclass
and
package*.bbclass
.
For reference information on classes, see the "Classes" chapter.
meta/conf/
¶
This directory contains the core set of configuration files that start from
bitbake.conf
and from which all other configuration
files are included.
See the include statements at the end of the
bitbake.conf
file and you will note that even
local.conf
is loaded from there.
While bitbake.conf
sets up the defaults, you can often override
these by using the (local.conf
) file, machine file or
the distribution configuration file.
meta/conf/machine/
¶
This directory contains all the machine configuration files.
If you set MACHINE = "qemux86"
,
the OpenEmbedded build system looks for a qemux86.conf
file in this
directory.
The include
directory contains various data common to multiple machines.
If you want to add support for a new machine to the Yocto Project, look in this directory.
meta/conf/distro/
¶
The contents of this directory controls any distribution-specific
configurations.
For the Yocto Project, the defaultsetup.conf
is the main file here.
This directory includes the versions and the
SRCDATE
definitions for applications that are configured here.
An example of an alternative configuration might be poky-bleeding.conf
.
Although this file mainly inherits its configuration from Poky.
meta/conf/machine-sdk/
¶
The OpenEmbedded build system searches this directory for
configuration files that correspond to the value of
SDKMACHINE
.
By default, 32-bit and 64-bit x86 files ship with the Yocto
Project that support some SDK hosts.
However, it is possible to extend that support to other SDK hosts
by adding additional configuration files in this subdirectory
within another layer.
meta/files/
¶This directory contains common license files and several text files used by the build system. The text files contain minimal device information and lists of files and directories with known permissions.
meta/lib/
¶This directory contains OpenEmbedded Python library code used during the build process.
meta/recipes-bsp/
¶This directory contains anything linking to specific hardware or hardware configuration information such as "u-boot" and "grub".
meta/recipes-connectivity/
¶This directory contains libraries and applications related to communication with other devices.
meta/recipes-core/
¶This directory contains what is needed to build a basic working Linux image including commonly used dependencies.
meta/recipes-devtools/
¶This directory contains tools that are primarily used by the build system. The tools, however, can also be used on targets.
meta/recipes-extended/
¶This directory contains non-essential applications that add features compared to the alternatives in core. You might need this directory for full tool functionality or for Linux Standard Base (LSB) compliance.
meta/recipes-gnome/
¶This directory contains all things related to the GTK+ application framework.
meta/recipes-graphics/
¶This directory contains X and other graphically related system libraries
meta/recipes-kernel/
¶This directory contains the kernel and generic applications and libraries that have strong kernel dependencies.
meta/recipes-lsb4/
¶This directory contains recipes specifically added to support the Linux Standard Base (LSB) version 4.x.
meta/recipes-multimedia/
¶This directory contains codecs and support utilities for audio, images and video.
meta/recipes-rt/
¶
This directory contains package and image recipes for using and testing
the PREEMPT_RT
kernel.
meta/recipes-sato/
¶This directory contains the Sato demo/reference UI/UX and its associated applications and configuration data.
meta/recipes-support/
¶This directory contains recipes used by other recipes, but that are not directly included in images (i.e. dependencies of other recipes).
meta/site/
¶This directory contains a list of cached results for various architectures. Because certain "autoconf" test results cannot be determined when cross-compiling due to the tests not able to run on a live system, the information in this directory is passed to "autoconf" for the various architectures.
meta/recipes.txt
¶
This file is a description of the contents of recipes-*
.
Table of Contents
allarch.bbclass
archiver.bbclass
autotools*.bbclass
base.bbclass
bash-completion.bbclass
bin_package.bbclass
binconfig.bbclass
binconfig-disabled.bbclass
blacklist.bbclass
bluetooth.bbclass
bugzilla.bbclass
buildhistory.bbclass
buildstats.bbclass
buildstats-summary.bbclass
ccache.bbclass
chrpath.bbclass
clutter.bbclass
cmake.bbclass
cml1.bbclass
compress_doc.bbclass
copyleft_compliance.bbclass
copyleft_filter.bbclass
core-image.bbclass
cpan*.bbclass
cross.bbclass
cross-canadian.bbclass
crosssdk.bbclass
debian.bbclass
deploy.bbclass
devshell.bbclass
distro_features_check.bbclass
distrodata.bbclass
distutils*.bbclass
distutils3*.bbclass
externalsrc.bbclass
extrausers.bbclass
fontcache.bbclass
fs-uuid.bbclass
gconf.bbclass
gettext.bbclass
gnome.bbclass
gnomebase.bbclass
gobject-introspection.bbclass
grub-efi.bbclass
gsettings.bbclass
gtk-doc.bbclass
gtk-icon-cache.bbclass
gtk-immodules-cache.bbclass
gzipnative.bbclass
icecc.bbclass
image.bbclass
image-buildinfo.bbclass
image_types.bbclass
image-live.bbclass
image-mklibs.bbclass
image-prelink.bbclass
insane.bbclass
insserv.bbclass
kernel.bbclass
kernel-arch.bbclass
kernel-devicetree.bbclass
kernel-fitimage.bbclass
kernel-grub.bbclass
kernel-module-split.bbclass
kernel-uboot.bbclass
kernel-uimage.bbclass
kernel-yocto.bbclass
kernelsrc.bbclass
lib_package.bbclass
libc*.bbclass
license.bbclass
linux-kernel-base.bbclass
linuxloader.bbclass
logging.bbclass
meta.bbclass
metadata_scm.bbclass
migrate_localcount.bbclass
mime.bbclass
mirrors.bbclass
module.bbclass
module-base.bbclass
multilib*.bbclass
native.bbclass
nativesdk.bbclass
nopackages.bbclass
npm.bbclass
oelint.bbclass
own-mirrors.bbclass
package.bbclass
package_deb.bbclass
package_ipk.bbclass
package_rpm.bbclass
package_tar.bbclass
packagedata.bbclass
packagegroup.bbclass
patch.bbclass
perlnative.bbclass
pixbufcache.bbclass
pkgconfig.bbclass
populate_sdk.bbclass
populate_sdk_*.bbclass
prexport.bbclass
primport.bbclass
prserv.bbclass
ptest.bbclass
ptest-gnome.bbclass
python-dir.bbclass
python3native.bbclass
pythonnative.bbclass
qemu.bbclass
recipe_sanity.bbclass
relocatable.bbclass
remove-libtool.bbclass
report-error.bbclass
rm_work.bbclass
rootfs*.bbclass
sanity.bbclass
scons.bbclass
sdl.bbclass
setuptools.bbclass
setuptools3.bbclass
sign_rpm.bbclass
sip.bbclass
siteconfig.bbclass
siteinfo.bbclass
spdx.bbclass
sstate.bbclass
staging.bbclass
syslinux.bbclass
systemd.bbclass
systemd-boot.bbclass
terminal.bbclass
testimage*.bbclass
testsdk.bbclass
texinfo.bbclass
tinderclient.bbclass
toaster.bbclass
toolchain-scripts.bbclass
typecheck.bbclass
uboot-config.bbclass
uninative.bbclass
update-alternatives.bbclass
update-rc.d.bbclass
useradd*.bbclass
utility-tasks.bbclass
utils.bbclass
vala.bbclass
waf.bbclass
Class files are used to abstract common functionality and share it amongst
multiple recipe (.bb
) files.
To use a class file, you simply make sure the recipe inherits the class.
In most cases, when a recipe inherits a class it is enough to enable its
features.
There are cases, however, where in the recipe you might need to set
variables or override some default behavior.
Any Metadata usually
found in a recipe can also be placed in a class file.
Class files are identified by the extension .bbclass
and are usually placed in a classes/
directory beneath
the meta*/
directory found in the
Source Directory.
Class files can also be pointed to by
BUILDDIR
(e.g. build/
) in the same way as
.conf
files in the conf
directory.
Class files are searched for in
BBPATH
using the same method by which .conf
files are
searched.
This chapter discusses only the most useful and important classes.
Other classes do exist within the meta/classes
directory in the Source Directory.
You can reference the .bbclass
files directly
for more information.
allarch.bbclass
¶
The allarch
class is inherited
by recipes that do not produce architecture-specific output.
The class disables functionality that is normally needed for recipes
that produce executable binaries (such as building the cross-compiler
and a C library as pre-requisites, and splitting out of debug symbols
during packaging).
Unlike some distro recipes (e.g. Debian), OpenEmbedded recipes
that produce packages that depend on tunings through use of the
RDEPENDS
and
TUNE_PKGARCH
variables, should never be configured for all architectures
using allarch
.
This is the case even if the recipes do not produce
architecture-specific output.
Configuring such recipes for all architectures causes the
do_package_write_*
tasks to have different signatures for the machines with different
tunings.
Additionally, unnecessary rebuilds occur every time an
image for a different MACHINE
is built
even when the recipe never changes.
By default, all recipes inherit the
base
and
package
classes, which enable functionality
needed for recipes that produce executable output.
If your recipe, for example, only produces packages that contain
configuration files, media files, or scripts (e.g. Python and Perl),
then it should inherit the allarch
class.
archiver.bbclass
¶
The archiver
class supports releasing
source code and other materials with the binaries.
For more details on the source archiver, see the
"Maintaining Open Source License Compliance During Your Product's Lifecycle"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
You can also see the
ARCHIVER_MODE
variable for information about the variable flags (varflags)
that help control archive creation.
autotools*.bbclass
¶
The autotools*
classes support Autotooled
packages.
The autoconf
, automake
,
and libtool
packages bring standardization.
This class defines a set of tasks (e.g.
configure
, compile
and
so forth) that
work for all Autotooled packages.
It should usually be enough to define a few standard variables
and then simply inherit autotools
.
These classes can also work with software that emulates Autotools.
For more information, see the
"Autotooled Package"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
By default, the autotools*
classes
use out-of-tree builds (i.e.
autotools.bbclass
building with
B != S
).
If the software being built by a recipe does not support
using out-of-tree builds, you should have the recipe inherit the
autotools-brokensep
class.
The autotools-brokensep
class behaves the same
as the autotools
class but builds with
B
==
S
.
This method is useful when out-of-tree build support is either not
present or is broken.
It's useful to have some idea of how the tasks defined by
the autotools*
classes work and what they do
behind the scenes.
do_configure
-
Regenerates the
configure script (using autoreconf
) and
then launches it with a standard set of arguments used during
cross-compilation.
You can pass additional parameters to
configure
through the
EXTRA_OECONF
or
PACKAGECONFIG_CONFARGS
variables.
do_compile
-
Runs make
with arguments that specify the
compiler and linker.
You can pass additional arguments through
the EXTRA_OEMAKE
variable.
do_install
-
Runs make install
and passes in
${
D
}
as DESTDIR
.
base.bbclass
¶
The base
class is special in that every
.bb
file implicitly inherits the class.
This class contains definitions for standard basic
tasks such as fetching, unpacking, configuring (empty by default),
compiling (runs any Makefile
present), installing
(empty by default) and packaging (empty by default).
These classes are often overridden or extended by other classes
such as the
autotools
class or the
package
class.
The class also contains some commonly used functions such as
oe_runmake
, which runs
make
with the arguments specified in
EXTRA_OEMAKE
variable as well as the arguments passed directly to
oe_runmake
.
bash-completion.bbclass
¶Sets up packaging and dependencies appropriate for recipes that build software that includes bash-completion data.
bin_package.bbclass
¶
The bin_package
class is a
helper class for recipes that extract the contents of a binary package
(e.g. an RPM) and install those contents rather than building the
binary from source.
The binary package is extracted and new packages in the configured
output package format are created.
Extraction and installation of proprietary binaries is a good example
use for this class.
git://
), the "subpath" parameter limits
the checkout to a specific subpath of the tree.
Here is an example where ${BP}
is used so that
the files are extracted into the subdirectory expected by the
default value of
S
:
SRC_URI = "git://example.com/downloads/somepackage.rpm;subpath=${BP}"See the "Fetchers" section in the BitBake User Manual for more information on supported BitBake Fetchers.
binconfig.bbclass
¶
The binconfig
class helps to correct paths in
shell scripts.
Before pkg-config
had become widespread, libraries
shipped shell scripts to give information about the libraries and
include paths needed to build software (usually named
LIBNAME-config
).
This class assists any recipe using such scripts.
During staging, the OpenEmbedded build system installs such scripts
into the sysroots/
directory.
Inheriting this class results in all paths in these scripts being
changed to point into the sysroots/
directory so
that all builds that use the script use the correct directories
for the cross compiling layout.
See the
BINCONFIG_GLOB
variable for more information.
binconfig-disabled.bbclass
¶
An alternative version of the
binconfig
class, which disables binary configuration scripts by making them
return an error in favor of using pkg-config
to query the information.
The scripts to be disabled should be specified using the
BINCONFIG
variable within the recipe inheriting the class.
blacklist.bbclass
¶
The blacklist
class prevents
the OpenEmbedded build system from building specific recipes
(blacklists them).
To use this class, inherit the class globally and set
PNBLACKLIST
for each recipe you wish to blacklist.
Specify the PN
value as a variable flag (varflag) and provide a reason, which is
reported, if the package is requested to be built as the value.
For example, if you want to blacklist a recipe called "exoticware",
you add the following to your local.conf
or distribution configuration:
INHERIT += "blacklist" PNBLACKLIST[exoticware] = "Not supported by our organization."
bluetooth.bbclass
¶
The bluetooth
class defines a variable that
expands to the recipe (package) providing core
bluetooth support on the platform.
For details on how the class works, see the
meta/classes/bluetooth.bbclass
file in the Yocto
Project
Source Directory.
bugzilla.bbclass
¶
The bugzilla
class supports setting up an
instance of Bugzilla in which you can automatically files bug reports
in response to build failures.
For this class to work, you need to enable the XML-RPC interface in
the instance of Bugzilla.
buildhistory.bbclass
¶
The buildhistory
class records a
history of build output metadata, which can be used to detect possible
regressions as well as used for analysis of the build output.
For more information on using Build History, see the
"Maintaining Build Output Quality"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
buildstats.bbclass
¶
The buildstats
class records
performance statistics about each task executed during the build
(e.g. elapsed time, CPU usage, and I/O usage).
When you use this class, the output goes into the
BUILDSTATS_BASE
directory, which defaults to ${TMPDIR}/buildstats/
.
You can analyze the elapsed time using
scripts/pybootchartgui/pybootchartgui.py
, which
produces a cascading chart of the entire build process and can be
useful for highlighting bottlenecks.
Collecting build statistics is enabled by default through the
USER_CLASSES
variable from your local.conf
file.
Consequently, you do not have to do anything to enable the class.
However, if you want to disable the class, simply remove "buildstats"
from the USER_CLASSES
list.
buildstats-summary.bbclass
¶
When inherited globally, prints statistics at the end of the build
on sstate re-use.
In order to function, this class requires the
buildstats
class be enabled.
ccache.bbclass
¶
The ccache
class enables the C/C++ Compiler Cache
for the build.
This class is used to give a minor performance boost during the build.
However, using the class can lead to unexpected side-effects.
Thus, it is recommended that you do not use this class.
See http://ccache.samba.org/ for information on
the C/C++ Compiler Cache.
chrpath.bbclass
¶
The chrpath
class
is a wrapper around the "chrpath" utility, which is used during the
build process for nativesdk
,
cross
, and
cross-canadian
recipes to change
RPATH
records within binaries in order to make
them relocatable.
clutter.bbclass
¶
The clutter
class consolidates the
major and minor version naming and other common items used by Clutter
and related recipes.
cmake.bbclass
¶
The cmake
class allows for
recipes that need to build software using the CMake build system.
You can use the
EXTRA_OECMAKE
variable to specify additional configuration options to be passed on
the cmake
command line.
cml1.bbclass
¶
The cml1
class provides basic support for the
Linux kernel style build configuration system.
compress_doc.bbclass
¶
Enables compression for man pages and info pages.
This class is intended to be inherited globally.
The default compression mechanism is gz (gzip) but you can
select an alternative mechanism by setting the
DOC_COMPRESS
variable.
copyleft_compliance.bbclass
¶
The copyleft_compliance
class
preserves source code for the purposes of license compliance.
This class is an alternative to the archiver
class and is still used by some users even though it has been
deprecated in favor of the
archiver
class.
copyleft_filter.bbclass
¶
A class used by the
archiver
and
copyleft_compliance
classes for filtering licenses.
The copyleft_filter
class is an internal class
and is not intended to be used directly.
core-image.bbclass
¶
The core-image
class
provides common definitions for the
core-image-*
image recipes, such as support for
additional
IMAGE_FEATURES
.
cpan*.bbclass
¶
The cpan*
classes support Perl modules.
Recipes for Perl modules are simple. These recipes usually only need to point to the source's archive and then inherit the proper class file. Building is split into two methods depending on which method the module authors used.
Modules that use old
Makefile.PL
-based build system require
cpan.bbclass
in their recipes.
Modules that use
Build.PL
-based build system require
using cpan_build.bbclass
in their recipes.
Both build methods inherit the cpan-base
class
for basic Perl support.
cross.bbclass
¶
The cross
class provides support for the recipes
that build the cross-compilation tools.
cross-canadian.bbclass
¶
The cross-canadian
class
provides support for the recipes that build the Canadian
Cross-compilation tools for SDKs.
See the
"Cross-Development Toolchain Generation"
section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual for more
discussion on these cross-compilation tools.
crosssdk.bbclass
¶
The crosssdk
class
provides support for the recipes that build the cross-compilation
tools used for building SDKs.
See the
"Cross-Development Toolchain Generation"
section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual for more
discussion on these cross-compilation tools.
debian.bbclass
¶
The debian
class renames output packages so that
they follow the Debian naming policy (i.e. glibc
becomes libc6
and glibc-devel
becomes libc6-dev
.)
Renaming includes the library name and version as part of the package
name.
If a recipe creates packages for multiple libraries
(shared object files of .so
type), use the
LEAD_SONAME
variable in the recipe to specify the library on which to apply the
naming scheme.
deploy.bbclass
¶
The deploy
class handles deploying files
to the
DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE
directory.
The main function of this class is to allow the deploy step to be
accelerated by shared state.
Recipes that inherit this class should define their own
do_deploy
function to copy the files to be deployed to
DEPLOYDIR
,
and use addtask
to add the task at the appropriate
place, which is usually after
do_compile
or
do_install
.
The class then takes care of staging the files from
DEPLOYDIR
to
DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE
.
devshell.bbclass
¶
The devshell
class adds the
do_devshell
task.
Distribution policy dictates whether to include this class.
See the
"Using a Development Shell" section
in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more information about
using devshell
.
distro_features_check.bbclass
¶
The distro_features_check
class
allows individual recipes to check for required and conflicting
DISTRO_FEATURES
.
This class provides support for the
REQUIRED_DISTRO_FEATURES
and
CONFLICT_DISTRO_FEATURES
variables.
If any conditions specified in the recipe using the above variables are
not met, the recipe will be skipped.
distrodata.bbclass
¶
The distrodata
class
provides for automatic checking for upstream recipe updates.
The class creates a comma-separated value (CSV) spreadsheet that
contains information about the recipes.
The information provides the
do_distrodata
and
do_distro_check
tasks, which do upstream checking
and also verify if a package is used in multiple major distributions.
The class is not included by default.
To use it, you must set the
INHERIT
variable:
INHERIT+= "distrodata"
The distrodata
class also provides the
do_checkpkg
task, which can be used against a simple recipe or against an
image to get all its recipe information.
distutils*.bbclass
¶
The distutils*
classes support recipes for Python
version 2.x extensions, which are simple.
These recipes usually only need to point to the source's archive and
then inherit the proper class.
Building is split into two methods depending on which method the
module authors used.
Extensions that use an Autotools-based build system
require Autotools and the classes based on
distutils
in their recipes.
Extensions that use build systems based on
distutils
require
the distutils
class in their recipes.
Extensions that use build systems based on
setuptools
require the
setuptools
class in their recipes.
The distutils-common-base
class is required by
some of the distutils*
classes to provide common
Python2 support.
The distutils-tools
class supports recipes for
additional "distutils" tools.
distutils3*.bbclass
¶
The distutils3*
classes support recipes for Python
version 3.x extensions, which are simple.
These recipes usually only need to point to the source's archive and
then inherit the proper class.
Building is split into three methods depending on which method the
module authors used.
Extensions that use an Autotools-based build system
require Autotools and
distutils
-based classes in their recipes.
Extensions that use
distutils
-based build systems require
the distutils
class in their recipes.
Extensions that use build systems based on
setuptools3
require the
setuptools3
class in their recipes.
The distutils3*
classes either inherit their
corresponding distutils*
class or replicate them
using a Python3 version instead (e.g.
distutils3-base
inherits
distutils-common-base
, which is the same as
distutils-base
but inherits
python3native
instead of
pythonnative
).
externalsrc.bbclass
¶
The externalsrc
class supports building software
from source code that is external to the OpenEmbedded build system.
Building software from an external source tree means that the build
system's normal fetch, unpack, and patch process is not used.
By default, the OpenEmbedded build system uses the
S
and
B
variables to
locate unpacked recipe source code and to build it, respectively.
When your recipe inherits the externalsrc
class,
you use the
EXTERNALSRC
and
EXTERNALSRC_BUILD
variables to ultimately define S
and
B
.
By default, this class expects the source code to support recipe builds
that use the B
variable to point to the directory in which the OpenEmbedded build
system places the generated objects built from the recipes.
By default, the B
directory is set to the
following, which is separate from the source directory
(S
):
${WORKDIR}/${BPN}/{PV}/
See these variables for more information:
WORKDIR
,
BPN
, and
PV
,
For more information on the
externalsrc
class, see the comments in
meta/classes/externalsrc.bbclass
in the
Source Directory.
For information on how to use the externalsrc
class, see the
"Building Software from an External Source"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
extrausers.bbclass
¶
The extrausers
class allows
additional user and group configuration to be applied at the image
level.
Inheriting this class either globally or from an image recipe allows
additional user and group operations to be performed using the
EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS
variable.
extrausers
class are not tied to a specific
recipe outside of the recipe for the image.
Thus, the operations can be performed across the image as a whole.
Use the
useradd
class to add user and group configuration to a specific recipe.
Here is an example that uses this class in an image recipe:
inherit extrausers EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS = "\ useradd -p '' tester; \ groupadd developers; \ userdel nobody; \ groupdel -g video; \ groupmod -g 1020 developers; \ usermod -s /bin/sh tester; \ "
Here is an example that adds two users named "tester-jim" and "tester-sue" and assigns passwords:
inherit extrausers EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS = "\ useradd -P tester01 tester-jim; \ useradd -P tester01 tester-sue; \ "
Finally, here is an example that sets the root password to "1876*18":
inherit extrausers EXTRA_USERS_PARAMS = "\ usermod -P 1876*18 root; \ "
fontcache.bbclass
¶
The fontcache
class generates the
proper post-install and post-remove (postinst and postrm)
scriptlets for font packages.
These scriptlets call fc-cache
(part of
Fontconfig
) to add the fonts to the font
information cache.
Since the cache files are architecture-specific,
fc-cache
runs using QEMU if the postinst
scriptlets need to be run on the build host during image creation.
If the fonts being installed are in packages other than the main
package, set
FONT_PACKAGES
to specify the packages containing the fonts.
fs-uuid.bbclass
¶
The fs-uuid
class extracts UUID from
${
ROOTFS
}
,
which must have been built by the time that this function gets called.
The fs-uuid
class only works on
ext
file systems and depends on
tune2fs
.
gconf.bbclass
¶
The gconf
class provides common
functionality for recipes that need to install GConf schemas.
The schemas will be put into a separate package
(${
PN
}-gconf
)
that is created automatically when this class is inherited.
This package uses the appropriate post-install and post-remove
(postinst/postrm) scriptlets to register and unregister the schemas
in the target image.
gettext.bbclass
¶
The gettext
class provides support for
building software that uses the GNU gettext
internationalization and localization system.
All recipes building software that use
gettext
should inherit this class.
gnome.bbclass
¶
The gnome
class supports recipes that
build software from the GNOME stack.
This class inherits the
gnomebase
,
gtk-icon-cache
,
gconf
and
mime
classes.
The class also disables GObject introspection where applicable.
gnomebase.bbclass
¶
The gnomebase
class is the base
class for recipes that build software from the GNOME stack.
This class sets
SRC_URI
to
download the source from the GNOME mirrors as well as extending
FILES
with the typical GNOME installation paths.
gobject-introspection.bbclass
¶
Provides support for recipes building software that
supports GObject introspection.
This functionality is only enabled if the
"gobject-introspection-data" feature is in
DISTRO_FEATURES
as well as "qemu-usermode" being in
MACHINE_FEATURES
.
DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED
or
MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED
,
respectively.
grub-efi.bbclass
¶
The grub-efi
class provides grub-efi
-specific functions for
building bootable images.
This class supports several variables:
INITRD
:
Indicates list of filesystem images to concatenate and use
as an initial RAM disk (initrd) (optional).
ROOTFS
:
Indicates a filesystem image to include as the root filesystem
(optional).
GRUB_GFXSERIAL
:
Set this to "1" to have graphics and serial in the boot menu.
LABELS
:
A list of targets for the automatic configuration.
APPEND
:
An override list of append strings for each
LABEL
.
GRUB_OPTS
:
Additional options to add to the configuration (optional).
Options are delimited using semi-colon characters
(;
).
GRUB_TIMEOUT
:
Timeout before executing the default LABEL
(optional).
gsettings.bbclass
¶
The gsettings
class
provides common functionality for recipes that need to install
GSettings (glib) schemas.
The schemas are assumed to be part of the main package.
Appropriate post-install and post-remove (postinst/postrm)
scriptlets are added to register and unregister the schemas in the
target image.
gtk-doc.bbclass
¶
The gtk-doc
class
is a helper class to pull in the appropriate
gtk-doc
dependencies and disable
gtk-doc
.
gtk-icon-cache.bbclass
¶
The gtk-icon-cache
class
generates the proper post-install and post-remove (postinst/postrm)
scriptlets for packages that use GTK+ and install icons.
These scriptlets call gtk-update-icon-cache
to add
the fonts to GTK+'s icon cache.
Since the cache files are architecture-specific,
gtk-update-icon-cache
is run using QEMU if the
postinst scriptlets need to be run on the build host during image
creation.
gtk-immodules-cache.bbclass
¶
The gtk-immodules-cache
class
generates the proper post-install and post-remove (postinst/postrm)
scriptlets for packages that install GTK+ input method modules for
virtual keyboards.
These scriptlets call gtk-update-icon-cache
to add
the input method modules to the cache.
Since the cache files are architecture-specific,
gtk-update-icon-cache
is run using QEMU if the
postinst scriptlets need to be run on the build host during image
creation.
If the input method modules being installed are in packages other than
the main package, set
GTKIMMODULES_PACKAGES
to specify the packages containing the modules.
gzipnative.bbclass
¶
The gzipnative
class enables the use of
different native versions of gzip
and pigz
rather than the versions of these tools
from the build host.
icecc.bbclass
¶
The icecc
class supports
Icecream, which
facilitates taking compile jobs and distributing them among remote
machines.
The class stages directories with symlinks from gcc
and g++
to icecc
, for both
native and cross compilers.
Depending on each configure or compile, the OpenEmbedded build system
adds the directories at the head of the PATH
list
and then sets the ICECC_CXX
and
ICEC_CC
variables, which are the paths to the
g++
and gcc
compilers,
respectively.
For the cross compiler, the class creates a tar.gz
file that contains the Yocto Project toolchain and sets
ICECC_VERSION
, which is the version of the
cross-compiler used in the cross-development toolchain, accordingly.
The class handles all three different compile stages
(i.e native ,cross-kernel and target) and creates the necessary
environment tar.gz
file to be used by the remote
machines.
The class also supports SDK generation.
If ICECC_PATH
is not set in your local.conf
file, then the
class tries to locate the icecc
binary
using which
.
If
ICECC_ENV_EXEC
is set in your local.conf
file, the variable should
point to the icecc-create-env
script
provided by the user.
If you do not point to a user-provided script, the build system
uses the default script provided by the recipe
icecc-create-env-native.bb
.
icecc
.
If you do not want the Icecream distributed compile support to apply
to specific recipes or classes, you can effectively "blacklist" them
by listing the recipes and classes using the
ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_BL
and
ICECC_USER_CLASS_BL
,
variables, respectively, in your local.conf
file.
Doing so causes the OpenEmbedded build system to handle these
compilations locally.
Additionally, you can list recipes using the
ICECC_USER_PACKAGE_WL
variable in your local.conf
file to force
icecc
to be enabled for recipes using an empty
PARALLEL_MAKE
variable.
Inheriting the icecc
class changes all sstate
signatures.
Consequently, if a development team has a dedicated build system
that populates
STATE_MIRRORS
and they want to reuse sstate from
STATE_MIRRORS
, then all developers and the
build system need to either inherit the icecc
class or nobody should.
At the distribution level, you can inherit the
icecc
class to be sure that all builders start
with the same sstate signatures.
After inheriting the class, you can then disable the feature by setting
the
ICECC_DISABLED
variable to "1" as follows:
INHERIT_DISTRO_append = " icecc" ICECC_DISABLED ??= "1"
This practice makes sure everyone is using the same signatures but also
requires individuals that do want to use Icecream to enable the feature
individually as follows in your local.conf
file:
ICECC_DISABLED = ""
image.bbclass
¶
The image
class helps support creating images
in different formats.
First, the root filesystem is created from packages using
one of the rootfs*.bbclass
files (depending on the package format used) and then one or more image
files are created.
The
IMAGE_FSTYPES
variable controls the types of images to generate.
The
IMAGE_INSTALL
variable controls the list of packages to install into the
image.
For information on customizing images, see the "Customizing Images" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual. For information on how images are created, see the "Images" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concpets Manual.
image-buildinfo.bbclass
¶
The image-buildinfo
class writes information
to the target filesystem on /etc/build
.
image_types.bbclass
¶
The image_types
class defines all of
the standard image output types that you can enable through the
IMAGE_FSTYPES
variable.
You can use this class as a reference on how to add support for custom
image output types.
By default, this class is enabled through the
IMAGE_CLASSES
variable in
image.bbclass
.
If you define your own image types using a custom BitBake class and
then use IMAGE_CLASSES
to enable it, the custom
class must either inherit image_types
or
image_types
must also appear in
IMAGE_CLASSES
.
This class also handles conversion and compression of images.
IMAGE_FSTYPES
.
This would also be similar for Virtual Box Virtual Disk Image
("vdi") and QEMU Copy On Write Version 2 ("qcow2") images.
image-live.bbclass
¶
This class controls building "live" (i.e. HDDIMG and ISO) images.
Live images contain syslinux for legacy booting, as well as the
bootloader specified by
EFI_PROVIDER
if
MACHINE_FEATURES
contains "efi".
Normally, you do not use this class directly.
Instead, you add "live" to
IMAGE_FSTYPES
.
You can selectively build just one of these types through the
NOISO
and
NOHDD
variables.
For example, if you were building an ISO image, you would add "live"
to IMAGE_FSTYPES
, set the
NOISO
variable to "0" and the build system would
use the image-live
class to build the ISO image.
image-mklibs.bbclass
¶
The image-mklibs
class
enables the use of the mklibs
utility during the
do_rootfs
task, which optimizes the size of
libraries contained in the image.
By default, the class is enabled in the
local.conf.template
using the
USER_CLASSES
variable as follows:
USER_CLASSES ?= "buildstats image-mklibs image-prelink"
image-prelink.bbclass
¶
The image-prelink
class
enables the use of the prelink
utility during
the
do_rootfs
task, which optimizes the dynamic
linking of shared libraries to reduce executable startup time.
By default, the class is enabled in the
local.conf.template
using the
USER_CLASSES
variable as follows:
USER_CLASSES ?= "buildstats image-mklibs image-prelink"
insane.bbclass
¶
The insane
class adds a step to the package
generation process so that output quality assurance checks are
generated by the OpenEmbedded build system.
A range of checks are performed that check the build's output
for common problems that show up during runtime.
Distribution policy usually dictates whether to include this class.
You can configure the sanity checks so that specific test failures either raise a warning or an error message. Typically, failures for new tests generate a warning. Subsequent failures for the same test would then generate an error message once the metadata is in a known and good condition. See the "QA Error and Warning Messages" Chapter for a list of all the warning and error messages you might encounter using a default configuration.
Use the
WARN_QA
and
ERROR_QA
variables to control the behavior of
these checks at the global level (i.e. in your custom distro
configuration).
However, to skip one or more checks in recipes, you should use
INSANE_SKIP
.
For example, to skip the check for symbolic link
.so
files in the main package of a recipe,
add the following to the recipe.
You need to realize that the package name override, in this example
${PN}
, must be used:
INSANE_SKIP_${PN} += "dev-so"
Please keep in mind that the QA checks exist in order to detect real or potential problems in the packaged output. So exercise caution when disabling these checks.
The following list shows the tests you can list with the
WARN_QA
and ERROR_QA
variables:
already-stripped:
Checks that produced binaries have not already been
stripped prior to the build system extracting debug symbols.
It is common for upstream software projects to default to
stripping debug symbols for output binaries.
In order for debugging to work on the target using
-dbg
packages, this stripping must be
disabled.
arch:
Checks the Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) type, bit size,
and endianness of any binaries to ensure they match the target
architecture.
This test fails if any binaries do not match the type since
there would be an incompatibility.
The test could indicate that the
wrong compiler or compiler options have been used.
Sometimes software, like bootloaders, might need to bypass
this check.
buildpaths:
Checks for paths to locations on the build host inside the
output files.
Currently, this test triggers too many false positives and
thus is not normally enabled.
build-deps:
Determines if a build-time dependency that is specified through
DEPENDS
,
explicit
RDEPENDS
,
or task-level dependencies exists to match any runtime
dependency.
This determination is particularly useful to discover where
runtime dependencies are detected and added during packaging.
If no explicit dependency has been specified within the
metadata, at the packaging stage it is too late to ensure that
the dependency is built, and thus you can end up with an
error when the package is installed into the image during the
do_rootfs
task because the auto-detected dependency was not satisfied.
An example of this would be where the
update-rc.d
class automatically adds a dependency on the
initscripts-functions
package to packages
that install an initscript that refers to
/etc/init.d/functions
.
The recipe should really have an explicit
RDEPENDS
for the package in question on
initscripts-functions
so that the
OpenEmbedded build system is able to ensure that the
initscripts
recipe is actually built and
thus the initscripts-functions
package is
made available.
compile-host-path:
Checks the
do_compile
log for indications
that paths to locations on the build host were used.
Using such paths might result in host contamination of the
build output.
debug-deps:
Checks that all packages except -dbg
packages do not depend on -dbg
packages, which would cause a packaging bug.
debug-files:
Checks for .debug
directories in anything but the
-dbg
package.
The debug files should all be in the -dbg
package.
Thus, anything packaged elsewhere is incorrect packaging.
dep-cmp:
Checks for invalid version comparison statements in runtime
dependency relationships between packages (i.e. in
RDEPENDS
,
RRECOMMENDS
,
RSUGGESTS
,
RPROVIDES
,
RREPLACES
,
and
RCONFLICTS
variable values).
Any invalid comparisons might trigger failures or undesirable
behavior when passed to the package manager.
desktop:
Runs the desktop-file-validate
program
against any .desktop
files to validate
their contents against the specification for
.desktop
files.
dev-deps:
Checks that all packages except -dev
or -staticdev
packages do not depend on
-dev
packages, which would be a
packaging bug.
dev-so:
Checks that the .so
symbolic links are in the
-dev
package and not in any of the other packages.
In general, these symlinks are only useful for development purposes.
Thus, the -dev
package is the correct location for
them.
Some very rare cases do exist for dynamically loaded modules where
these symlinks are needed instead in the main package.
file-rdeps:
Checks that file-level dependencies identified by the
OpenEmbedded build system at packaging time are satisfied.
For example, a shell script might start with the line
#!/bin/bash
.
This line would translate to a file dependency on
/bin/bash
.
Of the three package managers that the OpenEmbedded build
system supports, only RPM directly handles file-level
dependencies, resolving them automatically to packages
providing the files.
However, the lack of that functionality in the other two
package managers does not mean the dependencies do not still
need resolving.
This QA check attempts to ensure that explicitly declared
RDEPENDS
exist to handle any file-level dependency detected in
packaged files.
files-invalid:
Checks for
FILES
variable values that contain "//", which is invalid.
host-user-contaminated:
Checks that no package produced by the recipe contains any
files outside of /home
with a user or
group ID that matches the user running BitBake.
A match usually indicates that the files are being installed
with an incorrect UID/GID, since target IDs are independent
from host IDs.
For additional information, see the section describing the
do_install
task.
incompatible-license:
Report when packages are excluded from being created due to
being marked with a license that is in
INCOMPATIBLE_LICENSE
.
install-host-path:
Checks the
do_install
log for indications
that paths to locations on the build host were used.
Using such paths might result in host contamination of the
build output.
installed-vs-shipped:
Reports when files have been installed within
do_install
but have not been included in
any package by way of the
FILES
variable.
Files that do not appear in any package cannot be present in
an image later on in the build process.
Ideally, all installed files should be packaged or not
installed at all.
These files can be deleted at the end of
do_install
if the files are not
needed in any package.
invalid-chars:
Checks that the recipe metadata variables
DESCRIPTION
,
SUMMARY
,
LICENSE
,
and
SECTION
do not contain non-UTF-8 characters.
Some package managers do not support such characters.
invalid-packageconfig:
Checks that no undefined features are being added to
PACKAGECONFIG
.
For example, any name "foo" for which the following form
does not exist:
PACKAGECONFIG[foo] = "..."
la:
Checks .la
files for any TMPDIR
paths.
Any .la
file containing these paths is incorrect since
libtool
adds the correct sysroot prefix when using the
files automatically itself.
ldflags:
Ensures that the binaries were linked with the
LDFLAGS
options provided by the build system.
If this test fails, check that the LDFLAGS
variable
is being passed to the linker command.
libdir:
Checks for libraries being installed into incorrect
(possibly hardcoded) installation paths.
For example, this test will catch recipes that install
/lib/bar.so
when
${base_libdir}
is "lib32".
Another example is when recipes install
/usr/lib64/foo.so
when
${libdir}
is "/usr/lib".
libexec:
Checks if a package contains files in
/usr/libexec
.
This check is not performed if the
libexecdir
variable has been set
explicitly to /usr/libexec
.
packages-list:
Checks for the same package being listed multiple times through
the PACKAGES
variable value.
Installing the package in this manner can cause errors during
packaging.
perm-config:
Reports lines in fs-perms.txt
that have
an invalid format.
perm-line:
Reports lines in fs-perms.txt
that have
an invalid format.
perm-link:
Reports lines in fs-perms.txt
that
specify 'link' where the specified target already exists.
perms:
Currently, this check is unused but reserved.
pkgconfig:
Checks .pc
files for any
TMPDIR
/WORKDIR
paths.
Any .pc
file containing these paths is incorrect
since pkg-config
itself adds the correct sysroot prefix
when the files are accessed.
pkgname:
Checks that all packages in
PACKAGES
have names that do not contain invalid characters (i.e.
characters other than 0-9, a-z, ., +, and -).
pkgv-undefined:
Checks to see if the PKGV
variable
is undefined during
do_package
.
pkgvarcheck:
Checks through the variables
RDEPENDS
,
RRECOMMENDS
,
RSUGGESTS
,
RCONFLICTS
,
RPROVIDES
,
RREPLACES
,
FILES
,
ALLOW_EMPTY
,
pkg_preinst
,
pkg_postinst
,
pkg_prerm
and pkg_postrm
, and reports if there are
variable sets that are not package-specific.
Using these variables without a package suffix is bad practice,
and might unnecessarily complicate dependencies of other packages
within the same recipe or have other unintended consequences.
pn-overrides:
Checks that a recipe does not have a name
(PN
) value
that appears in
OVERRIDES
.
If a recipe is named such that its PN
value matches something already in
OVERRIDES
(e.g. PN
happens to be the same as
MACHINE
or
DISTRO
),
it can have unexpected consequences.
For example, assignments such as
FILES_${PN} = "xyz"
effectively turn into
FILES = "xyz"
.
rpaths:
Checks for rpaths in the binaries that contain build system paths such
as TMPDIR
.
If this test fails, bad -rpath
options are being
passed to the linker commands and your binaries have potential security
issues.
split-strip:
Reports that splitting or stripping debug symbols from binaries
has failed.
staticdev:
Checks for static library files (*.a
) in
non-staticdev
packages.
symlink-to-sysroot:
Checks for symlinks in packages that point into
TMPDIR
on the host.
Such symlinks will work on the host, but are clearly invalid
when running on the target.
textrel:
Checks for ELF binaries that contain relocations in their
.text
sections, which can result in a
performance impact at runtime.
See the explanation for the
ELF binary
message for more information regarding runtime performance issues.
useless-rpaths:
Checks for dynamic library load paths (rpaths) in the binaries that
by default on a standard system are searched by the linker (e.g.
/lib
and /usr/lib
).
While these paths will not cause any breakage, they do waste space and
are unnecessary.
var-undefined:
Reports when variables fundamental to packaging (i.e.
WORKDIR
,
DEPLOY_DIR
,
D
,
PN
, and
PKGD
) are
undefined during
do_package
.
version-going-backwards:
If Build History is enabled, reports when a package
being written out has a lower version than the previously
written package under the same name.
If you are placing output packages into a feed and
upgrading packages on a target system using that feed, the
version of a package going backwards can result in the target
system not correctly upgrading to the "new" version of the
package.
xorg-driver-abi:
Checks that all packages containing Xorg drivers have ABI
dependencies.
The xserver-xorg
recipe provides driver
ABI names.
All drivers should depend on the ABI versions that they have
been built against.
Driver recipes that include
xorg-driver-input.inc
or xorg-driver-video.inc
will
automatically get these versions.
Consequently, you should only need to explicitly add
dependencies to binary driver recipes.
insserv.bbclass
¶
The insserv
class
uses the insserv
utility to update the order of
symbolic links in /etc/rc?.d/
within an image
based on dependencies specified by LSB headers in the
init.d
scripts themselves.
kernel.bbclass
¶
The kernel
class handles building Linux kernels.
The class contains code to build all kernel trees.
All needed headers are staged into the
STAGING_KERNEL_DIR
directory to allow out-of-tree module builds using
the
module
class.
This means that each built kernel module is packaged separately and
inter-module dependencies are created by parsing the
modinfo
output.
If all modules are required, then installing the
kernel-modules
package installs all packages with
modules and various other kernel packages such as
kernel-vmlinux
.
The kernel
class contains logic that allows
you to embed an initial RAM filesystem (initramfs) image when
you build the kernel image.
For information on how to build an initramfs, see the
"Building an Initial RAM Filesystem (initramfs) Image"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
Various other classes are used by the kernel
and module
classes internally including the
kernel-arch
,
module-base
,
and
linux-kernel-base
classes.
kernel-arch.bbclass
¶
The kernel-arch
class
sets the ARCH
environment variable for Linux
kernel compilation (including modules).
kernel-devicetree.bbclass
¶
The kernel-devicetree
class, which is inherited by
the
kernel
class, supports device tree generation.
kernel-fitimage.bbclass
¶
The kernel-fitimage
class provides support to
pack zImages.
kernel-grub.bbclass
¶
The kernel-grub
class updates the boot area and
the boot menu with the kernel as the priority boot mechanism while
installing a RPM to update the kernel on a deployed target.
kernel-module-split.bbclass
¶
The kernel-module-split
class
provides common functionality for splitting Linux kernel modules into
separate packages.
kernel-uboot.bbclass
¶
The kernel-uboot
class provides support for
building from vmlinux-style kernel sources.
kernel-uimage.bbclass
¶
The kernel-uimage
class provides support to
pack uImage.
kernel-yocto.bbclass
¶
The kernel-yocto
class
provides common functionality for building from linux-yocto style
kernel source repositories.
kernelsrc.bbclass
¶
The kernelsrc
class sets the Linux kernel
source and version.
lib_package.bbclass
¶
The lib_package
class
supports recipes that build libraries and produce executable
binaries, where those binaries should not be installed by default
along with the library.
Instead, the binaries are added to a separate
${
PN
}-bin
package to make their installation optional.
libc*.bbclass
¶
The libc*
classes support recipes that build
packages with libc
:
The libc-common
class
provides common support for building with
libc
.
The libc-package
class
supports packaging up glibc
and
eglibc
.
license.bbclass
¶
The license
class provides license
manifest creation and license exclusion.
This class is enabled by default using the default value for the
INHERIT_DISTRO
variable.
linux-kernel-base.bbclass
¶
The linux-kernel-base
class
provides common functionality for recipes that build out of the Linux
kernel source tree.
These builds goes beyond the kernel itself.
For example, the Perf recipe also inherits this class.
linuxloader.bbclass
¶
Provides the function linuxloader()
, which gives
the value of the dynamic loader/linker provided on the platform.
This value is used by a number of other classes.
logging.bbclass
¶
The logging
class provides the standard
shell functions used to log messages for various BitBake severity levels
(i.e. bbplain
, bbnote
,
bbwarn
, bberror
,
bbfatal
, and bbdebug
).
This class is enabled by default since it is inherited by
the base
class.
meta.bbclass
¶
The meta
class is inherited by recipes
that do not build any output packages themselves, but act as a "meta"
target for building other recipes.
metadata_scm.bbclass
¶
The metadata_scm
class provides functionality for
querying the branch and revision of a Source Code Manager (SCM)
repository.
The base
class uses this class to print the revisions of each layer before
starting every build.
The metadata_scm
class is enabled by default
because it is inherited by the base
class.
migrate_localcount.bbclass
¶
The migrate_localcount
class verifies a recipe's
localcount data and increments it appropriately.
mime.bbclass
¶
The mime
class generates the proper
post-install and post-remove (postinst/postrm) scriptlets for packages
that install MIME type files.
These scriptlets call update-mime-database
to add
the MIME types to the shared database.
mirrors.bbclass
¶
The mirrors
class sets up some standard
MIRRORS
entries
for source code mirrors.
These mirrors provide a fall-back path in case the upstream source
specified in
SRC_URI
within recipes is unavailable.
This class is enabled by default since it is inherited by the
base
class.
module.bbclass
¶
The module
class provides support for building
out-of-tree Linux kernel modules.
The class inherits the
module-base
and
kernel-module-split
classes, and implements the
do_compile
and
do_install
tasks.
The class provides everything needed to build and package a kernel
module.
For general information on out-of-tree Linux kernel modules, see the "Incorporating Out-of-Tree Modules" section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual.
module-base.bbclass
¶
The module-base
class provides the base
functionality for building Linux kernel modules.
Typically, a recipe that builds software that includes one or
more kernel modules and has its own means of building
the module inherits this class as opposed to inheriting the
module
class.
multilib*.bbclass
¶
The multilib*
classes provide support
for building libraries with different target optimizations or target
architectures and installing them side-by-side in the same image.
For more information on using the Multilib feature, see the "Combining Multiple Versions of Library Files into One Image" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
native.bbclass
¶
The native
class provides common
functionality for recipes that wish to build tools to run on the build
host (i.e. tools that use the compiler or other tools from the
build host).
You can create a recipe that builds tools that run natively on the host a couple different ways:
Create a myrecipe
-native.bb
that inherits the native
class.
If you use this method, you must order the inherit statement
in the recipe after all other inherit statements so that the
native
class is inherited last.
Create or modify a target recipe that contains the following:
BBCLASSEXTEND
= "native"
Inside the recipe, use _class-native
and
_class-target
overrides to specify any
functionality specific to the respective native or target
case.
native-myrecipe
.bb
Not doing so can lead to subtle problems because code exists
that depends on the naming convention.
Although applied differently, the native
class is
used with both methods.
The advantage of the second method is that you do not need to have two
separate recipes (assuming you need both) for native and target.
All common parts of the recipe are automatically shared.
nativesdk.bbclass
¶
The nativesdk
class provides common
functionality for recipes that wish to build tools to run as part of
an SDK (i.e. tools that run on
SDKMACHINE
).
You can create a recipe that builds tools that run on the SDK machine a couple different ways:
Create a
nativesdk-
myrecipe
.bb
recipe that inherits the nativesdk
class.
If you use this method, you must order the inherit statement
in the recipe after all other inherit statements so that the
nativesdk
class is inherited last.
Create a nativesdk
variant
of any recipe by adding the following:
BBCLASSEXTEND
= "nativesdk"
Inside the recipe, use _class-nativesdk
and
_class-target
overrides to specify any
functionality specific to the respective SDK machine or target
case.
nativesdk-myrecipe
.bb
Not doing so can lead to subtle problems because code exists
that depends on the naming convention.
Although applied differently, the nativesdk
class
is used with both methods.
The advantage of the second method is that you do not need to have two
separate recipes (assuming you need both) for the SDK machine and the
target.
All common parts of the recipe are automatically shared.
nopackages.bbclass
¶Disables packaging tasks for those recipes and classes where packaging is not needed.
npm.bbclass
¶Provides support for building Node.js software fetched using the npm package manager.
npm://
fetcher to have dependencies fetched
and packaged automatically.
oelint.bbclass
¶
The oelint
class is an
obsolete lint checking tool that exists in
meta/classes
in the
Source Directory.
A number of classes exist that could be generally useful in
OE-Core but are never actually used within OE-Core itself.
The oelint
class is one such example.
However, being aware of this class can reduce the proliferation of
different versions of similar classes across multiple layers.
own-mirrors.bbclass
¶
The own-mirrors
class makes it
easier to set up your own
PREMIRRORS
from which to first fetch source before attempting to fetch it from the
upstream specified in
SRC_URI
within each recipe.
To use this class, inherit it globally and specify
SOURCE_MIRROR_URL
.
Here is an example:
INHERIT += "own-mirrors" SOURCE_MIRROR_URL = "http://example.com/my-source-mirror"
You can specify only a single URL in
SOURCE_MIRROR_URL
.
package.bbclass
¶
The package
class supports generating
packages from a build's output.
The core generic functionality is in
package.bbclass
.
The code specific to particular package types resides in these
package-specific classes:
package_deb
,
package_rpm
,
package_ipk
,
and
package_tar
.
package_tar
class is broken and not
supported.
It is recommended that you do not use this class.
You can control the list of resulting package formats by using the
PACKAGE_CLASSES
variable defined in your conf/local.conf
configuration file, which is located in the
Build Directory.
When defining the variable, you can specify one or more package types.
Since images are generated from packages, a packaging class is
needed to enable image generation.
The first class listed in this variable is used for image generation.
If you take the optional step to set up a repository (package feed) on the development host that can be used by DNF, you can install packages from the feed while you are running the image on the target (i.e. runtime installation of packages). For more information, see the "Using Runtime Package Management" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
The package-specific class you choose can affect build-time performance
and has space ramifications.
In general, building a package with IPK takes about thirty percent less
time as compared to using RPM to build the same or similar package.
This comparison takes into account a complete build of the package with
all dependencies previously built.
The reason for this discrepancy is because the RPM package manager
creates and processes more
Metadata than the
IPK package manager.
Consequently, you might consider setting
PACKAGE_CLASSES
to "package_ipk" if you are
building smaller systems.
Before making your package manager decision, however, you should consider some further things about using RPM:
RPM starts to provide more abilities than IPK due to the fact that it processes more Metadata. For example, this information includes individual file types, file checksum generation and evaluation on install, sparse file support, conflict detection and resolution for Multilib systems, ACID style upgrade, and repackaging abilities for rollbacks.
For smaller systems, the extra space used for the Berkeley Database and the amount of metadata when using RPM can affect your ability to perform on-device upgrades.
You can find additional information on the effects of the package class at these two Yocto Project mailing list links:
package_deb.bbclass
¶
The package_deb
class
provides support for creating packages that use the Debian
(i.e. .deb
) file format.
The class ensures the packages are written out in a
.deb
file format to the
${
DEPLOY_DIR_DEB
}
directory.
This class inherits the
package
class and is enabled through the
PACKAGE_CLASSES
variable in the local.conf
file.
package_ipk.bbclass
¶
The package_ipk
class
provides support for creating packages that use the IPK
(i.e. .ipk
) file format.
The class ensures the packages are written out in a
.ipk
file format to the
${
DEPLOY_DIR_IPK
}
directory.
This class inherits the
package
class and is enabled through the
PACKAGE_CLASSES
variable in the local.conf
file.
package_rpm.bbclass
¶
The package_rpm
class
provides support for creating packages that use the RPM
(i.e. .rpm
) file format.
The class ensures the packages are written out in a
.rpm
file format to the
${
DEPLOY_DIR_RPM
}
directory.
This class inherits the
package
class and is enabled through the
PACKAGE_CLASSES
variable in the local.conf
file.
package_tar.bbclass
¶
The package_tar
class
provides support for creating tarballs.
The class ensures the packages are written out in a
tarball format to the
${
DEPLOY_DIR_TAR
}
directory.
This class inherits the
package
class and is enabled through the
PACKAGE_CLASSES
variable in the local.conf
file.
package_tar
class
first using the PACKAGE_CLASSES
variable.
You must use .deb
,
.ipk
, or .rpm
file
formats for your image or SDK.
packagedata.bbclass
¶
The packagedata
class provides
common functionality for reading pkgdata
files
found in
PKGDATA_DIR
.
These files contain information about each output package produced by
the OpenEmbedded build system.
This class is enabled by default because it is inherited by the
package
class.
packagegroup.bbclass
¶
The packagegroup
class sets default values
appropriate for package group recipes (e.g.
PACKAGES
,
PACKAGE_ARCH
,
ALLOW_EMPTY
,
and so forth).
It is highly recommended that all package group recipes inherit this class.
For information on how to use this class, see the "Customizing Images Using Custom Package Groups" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
Previously, this class was called the task
class.
patch.bbclass
¶
The patch
class provides all functionality for
applying patches during the
do_patch
task.
This class is enabled by default because it is inherited by the
base
class.
perlnative.bbclass
¶
When inherited by a recipe, the perlnative
class
supports using the native version of Perl built by the build system
rather than using the version provided by the build host.
pixbufcache.bbclass
¶
The pixbufcache
class generates the proper
post-install and post-remove (postinst/postrm) scriptlets for packages
that install pixbuf loaders, which are used with
gdk-pixbuf
.
These scriptlets call update_pixbuf_cache
to add the pixbuf loaders to the cache.
Since the cache files are architecture-specific,
update_pixbuf_cache
is run using QEMU if the
postinst scriptlets need to be run on the build host during image
creation.
If the pixbuf loaders being installed are in packages other
than the recipe's main package, set
PIXBUF_PACKAGES
to specify the packages containing the loaders.
pkgconfig.bbclass
¶
The pkgconfig
class provides a standard way to get
header and library information by using pkg-config
.
This class aims to smooth integration of
pkg-config
into libraries that use it.
During staging, BitBake installs pkg-config
data into the sysroots/
directory.
By making use of sysroot functionality within
pkg-config
, the pkgconfig
class no longer has to manipulate the files.
populate_sdk.bbclass
¶
The populate_sdk
class provides support for
SDK-only recipes.
For information on advantages gained when building a cross-development
toolchain using the
do_populate_sdk
task, see the
"Building an SDK Installer"
section in the Yocto Project Application Development and the
Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual.
populate_sdk_*.bbclass
¶
The populate_sdk_*
classes support SDK creation
and consist of the following classes:
populate_sdk_base
:
The base class supporting SDK creation under all package
managers (i.e. DEB, RPM, and opkg).
populate_sdk_deb
:
Supports creation of the SDK given the Debian package manager.
populate_sdk_rpm
:
Supports creation of the SDK given the RPM package manager.
populate_sdk_ipk
:
Supports creation of the SDK given the opkg (IPK format)
package manager.
populate_sdk_ext
:
Supports extensible SDK creation under all package managers.
The populate_sdk_base
class inherits the
appropriate populate_sdk_*
(i.e.
deb
, rpm
, and
ipk
) based on
IMAGE_PKGTYPE
.
The base class ensures all source and destination directories are
established and then populates the SDK.
After populating the SDK, the populate_sdk_base
class constructs two sysroots:
${
SDK_ARCH
}-nativesdk
,
which contains the cross-compiler and associated tooling, and the
target, which contains a target root filesystem that is configured for
the SDK usage.
These two images reside in
SDK_OUTPUT
,
which consists of the following:
${SDK_OUTPUT}/${SDK_ARCH}-nativesdk-pkgs
${SDK_OUTPUT}/${SDKTARGETSYSROOT}/target-pkgs
Finally, the base populate SDK class creates the toolchain environment setup script, the tarball of the SDK, and the installer.
The respective populate_sdk_deb
,
populate_sdk_rpm
, and
populate_sdk_ipk
classes each support the
specific type of SDK.
These classes are inherited by and used with the
populate_sdk_base
class.
For more information on the cross-development toolchain
generation, see the
"Cross-Development Toolchain Generation"
section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
For information on advantages gained when building a
cross-development toolchain using the
do_populate_sdk
task, see the
"Building an SDK Installer"
section in the Yocto Project Application Development and the
Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual.
prexport.bbclass
¶
The prexport
class provides functionality for
exporting
PR
values.
bitbake-prserv-tool export
".
primport.bbclass
¶
The primport
class provides functionality for
importing
PR
values.
bitbake-prserv-tool import
".
prserv.bbclass
¶
The prserv
class provides functionality for
using a
PR service
in order to automatically manage the incrementing of the
PR
variable for
each recipe.
This class is enabled by default because it is inherited by the
package
class.
However, the OpenEmbedded build system will not enable the
functionality of this class unless
PRSERV_HOST
has been set.
ptest.bbclass
¶
The ptest
class provides functionality for
packaging and installing runtime tests for recipes that build software
that provides these tests.
This class is intended to be inherited by individual recipes.
However, the class' functionality is largely disabled unless "ptest"
appears in
DISTRO_FEATURES
.
See the
"Testing Packages With ptest"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more
information on ptest.
ptest-gnome.bbclass
¶
Enables package tests (ptests) specifically for GNOME packages,
which have tests intended to be executed with
gnome-desktop-testing
.
For information on setting up and running ptests, see the "Testing Packages With ptest" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
python-dir.bbclass
¶
The python-dir
class provides the base version,
location, and site package location for Python.
python3native.bbclass
¶
The python3native
class supports using the
native version of Python 3 built by the build system rather than
support of the version provided by the build host.
pythonnative.bbclass
¶
When inherited by a recipe, the pythonnative
class
supports using the native version of Python built by the build system
rather than using the version provided by the build host.
qemu.bbclass
¶
The qemu
class provides functionality for recipes
that either need QEMU or test for the existence of QEMU.
Typically, this class is used to run programs for a target system on
the build host using QEMU's application emulation mode.
recipe_sanity.bbclass
¶
The recipe_sanity
class checks for the presence
of any host system recipe prerequisites that might affect the
build (e.g. variables that are set or software that is present).
relocatable.bbclass
¶
The relocatable
class enables relocation of
binaries when they are installed into the sysroot.
This class makes use of the
chrpath
class and is used by both the
cross
and
native
classes.
remove-libtool.bbclass
¶
The remove-libtool
class adds a post function
to the
do_install
task to remove all .la
files installed by
libtool
.
Removing these files results in them being absent from both the
sysroot and target packages.
If a recipe needs the .la
files to be installed,
then the recipe can override the removal by setting
REMOVE_LIBTOOL_LA
to "0" as follows:
REMOVE_LIBTOOL_LA = "0"
remove-libtool
class is not enabled by
default.
report-error.bbclass
¶
The report-error
class supports enabling the
error reporting tool,
which allows you to submit build error information to a central
database.
The class collects debug information for recipe, recipe version, task,
machine, distro, build system, target system, host distro, branch,
commit, and log.
From the information, report files using a JSON format are created and
stored in
${
LOG_DIR
}/error-report
.
rm_work.bbclass
¶
The rm_work
class supports deletion of temporary
workspace, which can ease your hard drive demands during builds.
The OpenEmbedded build system can use a substantial amount of disk
space during the build process.
A portion of this space is the work files under the
${TMPDIR}/work
directory for each recipe.
Once the build system generates the packages for a recipe, the work
files for that recipe are no longer needed.
However, by default, the build system preserves these files
for inspection and possible debugging purposes.
If you would rather have these files deleted to save disk space
as the build progresses, you can enable rm_work
by adding the following to your local.conf
file,
which is found in the
Build Directory.
INHERIT += "rm_work"
If you are modifying and building source code out of the work directory
for a recipe, enabling rm_work
will potentially
result in your changes to the source being lost.
To exclude some recipes from having their work directories deleted by
rm_work
, you can add the names of the recipe or
recipes you are working on to the RM_WORK_EXCLUDE
variable, which can also be set in your local.conf
file.
Here is an example:
RM_WORK_EXCLUDE += "busybox glibc"
rootfs*.bbclass
¶
The rootfs*
classes support creating
the root filesystem for an image and consist of the following classes:
The rootfs-postcommands
class, which
defines filesystem post-processing functions for image recipes.
The rootfs_deb
class, which supports
creation of root filesystems for images built using
.deb
packages.
The rootfs_rpm
class, which supports
creation of root filesystems for images built using
.rpm
packages.
The rootfs_ipk
class, which supports
creation of root filesystems for images built using
.ipk
packages.
The rootfsdebugfiles
class, which installs
additional files found on the build host directly into the
root filesystem.
The root filesystem is created from packages using one of the
rootfs*.bbclass
files as determined by the
PACKAGE_CLASSES
variable.
For information on how root filesystem images are created, see the "Image Generation" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
sanity.bbclass
¶
The sanity
class checks to see if prerequisite
software is present on the host system so that users can be notified
of potential problems that might affect their build.
The class also performs basic user configuration checks from
the local.conf
configuration file to
prevent common mistakes that cause build failures.
Distribution policy usually determines whether to include this class.
scons.bbclass
¶
The scons
class supports recipes that need to
build software that uses the SCons build system.
You can use the
EXTRA_OESCONS
variable to specify additional configuration options you want to pass
SCons command line.
sdl.bbclass
¶
The sdl
class supports recipes that need to build
software that uses the Simple DirectMedia Layer (SDL) library.
setuptools.bbclass
¶
The setuptools
class supports Python
version 2.x extensions that use build systems based on
setuptools
.
If your recipe uses these build systems, the recipe needs to
inherit the setuptools
class.
setuptools3.bbclass
¶
The setuptools3
class supports Python
version 3.x extensions that use build systems based on
setuptools3
.
If your recipe uses these build systems, the recipe needs to
inherit the setuptools3
class.
sign_rpm.bbclass
¶
The sign_rpm
class supports generating signed
RPM packages.
sip.bbclass
¶
The sip
class
supports recipes that build or package SIP-based Python bindings.
siteconfig.bbclass
¶
The siteconfig
class
provides functionality for handling site configuration.
The class is used by the
autotools
class to accelerate the
do_configure
task.
siteinfo.bbclass
¶
The siteinfo
class provides information about
the targets that might be needed by other classes or recipes.
As an example, consider Autotools, which can require tests that must
execute on the target hardware.
Since this is not possible in general when cross compiling, site
information is used to provide cached test results so these tests can
be skipped over but still make the correct values available.
The
meta/site directory
contains test results sorted into different categories such as
architecture, endianness, and the libc
used.
Site information provides a list of files containing data relevant to
the current build in the
CONFIG_SITE
variable
that Autotools automatically picks up.
The class also provides variables like
SITEINFO_ENDIANNESS
and SITEINFO_BITS
that can be used elsewhere in the metadata.
Because the
base
class
includes the siteinfo
class, it is always active.
spdx.bbclass
¶
The spdx
class integrates real-time license
scanning, generation of SPDX standard output, and verification
of license information during the build.
sstate.bbclass
¶
The sstate
class provides support for Shared
State (sstate).
By default, the class is enabled through the
INHERIT_DISTRO
variable's default value.
For more information on sstate, see the "Shared State Cache" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
staging.bbclass
¶
The staging
class installs files into individual
recipe work directories for sysroots.
The class contains the following key tasks:
The
do_populate_sysroot
task, which is responsible for handing the files that end up
in the recipe sysroots.
The
do_prepare_recipe_sysroot
task (a "partner" task to the
populate_sysroot
task), which installs
the files into the individual recipe work directories (i.e.
WORKDIR
).
The code in the staging
class is complex and
basically works in two stages:
Stage One:
The first stage addresses recipes that have files they want
to share with other recipes that have dependencies on the
originating recipe.
Normally these dependencies are installed through the
do_install
task into
${
D
}
.
The do_populate_sysroot
task copies
a subset of these files into
${SYSROOT_DESTDIR}
.
This subset of files is controlled by the
SYSROOT_DIRS
,
SYSROOT_DIRS_NATIVE
,
and
SYSROOT_DIRS_BLACKLIST
variables.
SYSROOT_PREPROCESS_FUNCS
variable.
A shared state (sstate) object is built from these files
and the files are placed into a subdirectory of
tmp/sysroots-components/
.
The files are scanned for hardcoded paths to the original
installation location.
If the location is found in text files, the hardcoded
locations are replaced by tokens and a list of the files
needing such replacements is created.
These adjustments are referred to as "FIXMEs".
The list of files that are scanned for paths is controlled by
the
SSTATE_SCAN_FILES
variable.
Stage Two:
The second stage addresses recipes that want to use something
from another recipe and declare a dependency on that recipe
through the
DEPENDS
variable.
The recipe will have a
do_prepare_recipe_sysroot
task and when
this task executes, it creates the
recipe-sysroot
and
recipe-sysroot-native
in the recipe
work directory (i.e.
WORKDIR
).
The OpenEmbedded build system creates hard links to copies of the
relevant files from sysroots-components
into the recipe work directory.
The build system then addresses any "FIXMEs" to paths as defined from the list created in the first stage.
Finally, any files in ${bindir}
within the sysroot that have the prefix
"postinst-
" are executed.
Because recipes can have other dependencies outside of
DEPENDS
(e.g.
do_unpack[depends] += "tar-native:do_populate_sysroot"
),
the sysroot creation function
extend_recipe_sysroot
is also added as
a pre-function for those tasks whose dependencies are not
through DEPENDS
but operate similarly.
When installing dependencies into the sysroot, the code
traverses the dependency graph and processes dependencies
in exactly the same way as the dependencies would or would not
be when installed from sstate.
This processing means, for example, a native tool would have
its native dependencies added but a target library would not
have its dependencies traversed or installed.
The same sstate dependency code is used so that
builds should be identical regardless of whether sstate
was used or not.
For a closer look, see the
setscene_depvalid()
function in the
sstate
class.
The build system is careful to maintain manifests of the files it installs so that any given dependency can be installed as needed. The sstate hash of the installed item is also stored so that if it changes, the build system can reinstall it.
syslinux.bbclass
¶
The syslinux
class provides syslinux-specific
functions for building bootable images.
The class supports the following variables:
INITRD
:
Indicates list of filesystem images to concatenate and use as
an initial RAM disk (initrd).
This variable is optional.
ROOTFS
:
Indicates a filesystem image to include as the root filesystem.
This variable is optional.
AUTO_SYSLINUXMENU
:
Enables creating an automatic menu when set to "1".
LABELS
:
Lists targets for automatic configuration.
APPEND
:
Lists append string overrides for each label.
SYSLINUX_OPTS
:
Lists additional options to add to the syslinux file.
Semicolon characters separate multiple options.
SYSLINUX_SPLASH
:
Lists a background for the VGA boot menu when you are using the
boot menu.
SYSLINUX_DEFAULT_CONSOLE
:
Set to "console=ttyX" to change kernel boot default console.
SYSLINUX_SERIAL
:
Sets an alternate serial port.
Or, turns off serial when the variable is set with an
empty string.
SYSLINUX_SERIAL_TTY
:
Sets an alternate "console=tty..." kernel boot argument.
systemd.bbclass
¶
The systemd
class provides support for recipes
that install systemd unit files.
The functionality for this class is disabled unless you have "systemd"
in
DISTRO_FEATURES
.
Under this class, the recipe or Makefile (i.e. whatever the recipe is
calling during the
do_install
task) installs unit files into
${
D
}${systemd_unitdir}/system
.
If the unit files being installed go into packages other than the
main package, you need to set
SYSTEMD_PACKAGES
in your recipe to identify the packages in which the files will be
installed.
You should set
SYSTEMD_SERVICE
to the name of the service file.
You should also use a package name override to indicate the package
to which the value applies.
If the value applies to the recipe's main package, use
${
PN
}
.
Here is an example from the connman recipe:
SYSTEMD_SERVICE_${PN} = "connman.service"
Services are set up to start on boot automatically unless
you have set
SYSTEMD_AUTO_ENABLE
to "disable".
For more information on systemd
, see the
"Selecting an Initialization Manager"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
systemd-boot.bbclass
¶
The systemd-boot
class provides functions specific
to the systemd-boot bootloader for building bootable images.
This is an internal class and is not intended to be used directly.
systemd-boot
class is a result from
merging the gummiboot
class used in previous
Yocto Project releases with the systemd
project.
Set the
EFI_PROVIDER
variable to "systemd-boot" to use this class.
Doing so creates a standalone EFI bootloader that is not dependent
on systemd.
For information on more variables used and supported in this class,
see the
SYSTEMD_BOOT_CFG
,
SYSTEMD_BOOT_ENTRIES
,
and
SYSTEMD_BOOT_TIMEOUT
variables.
You can also see the Systemd-boot documentation for more information.
terminal.bbclass
¶
The terminal
class provides support for starting
a terminal session.
The
OE_TERMINAL
variable controls which terminal emulator is used for the session.
Other classes use the terminal
class anywhere a
separate terminal session needs to be started.
For example, the
patch
class assuming
PATCHRESOLVE
is set to "user", the
cml1
class, and the
devshell
class all use the terminal
class.
testimage*.bbclass
¶
The testimage*
classes support running
automated tests against images using QEMU and on actual hardware.
The classes handle loading the tests and starting the image.
To use the classes, you need to perform steps to set up the
environment.
The tests are commands that run on the target system over
ssh
.
Each test is written in Python and makes use of the
unittest
module.
The testimage.bbclass
runs tests on an image
when called using the following:
$ bitbake -c testimage image
The testimage-auto
class runs tests on an image
after the image is constructed (i.e.
TEST_IMAGE
must be set to "1").
For information on how to enable, run, and create new tests, see the "Performing Automated Runtime Testing" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
testsdk.bbclass
¶
This class supports running automated tests against
software development kits (SDKs).
The testsdk
class runs tests on an SDK when
called using the following:
$ bitbake -c testsdk image
texinfo.bbclass
¶
This class should be inherited by recipes whose upstream packages
invoke the texinfo
utilities at build-time.
Native and cross recipes are made to use the dummy scripts provided
by texinfo-dummy-native
, for improved performance.
Target architecture recipes use the genuine
Texinfo utilities.
By default, they use the Texinfo utilities on the host system.
ASSUME_PROVIDED
and makeinfo from
SANITY_REQUIRED_UTILITIES
.
tinderclient.bbclass
¶
The tinderclient
class submits build results to
an external Tinderbox instance.
toaster.bbclass
¶
The toaster
class collects information about
packages and images and sends them as events that the BitBake
user interface can receive.
The class is enabled when the Toaster user interface is running.
This class is not intended to be used directly.
toolchain-scripts.bbclass
¶
The toolchain-scripts
class provides the scripts
used for setting up the environment for installed SDKs.
typecheck.bbclass
¶
The typecheck
class provides support for
validating the values of variables set at the configuration level
against their defined types.
The OpenEmbedded build system allows you to define the type of a
variable using the "type" varflag.
Here is an example:
IMAGE_FEATURES[type] = "list"
uboot-config.bbclass
¶
The uboot-config
class provides support for
U-Boot configuration for a machine.
Specify the machine in your recipe as follows:
UBOOT_CONFIG ??= <default> UBOOT_CONFIG[foo] = "config,images"
You can also specify the machine using this method:
UBOOT_MACHINE = "config"
See the
UBOOT_CONFIG
and
UBOOT_MACHINE
variables for additional information.
uninative.bbclass
¶
Attempts to isolate the build system from the host
distribution's C library in order to make re-use of native shared state
artifacts across different host distributions practical.
With this class enabled, a tarball containing a pre-built C library
is downloaded at the start of the build.
In the Poky reference distribution this is enabled by default
through
meta/conf/distro/include/yocto-uninative.inc
.
Other distributions that do not derive from poky can also
"require conf/distro/include/yocto-uninative.inc
"
to use this.
Alternatively if you prefer, you can build the uninative-tarball recipe
yourself, publish the resulting tarball (e.g. via HTTP) and set
UNINATIVE_URL
and
UNINATIVE_CHECKSUM
appropriately.
For an example, see the
meta/conf/distro/include/yocto-uninative.inc
.
The uninative
class is also used unconditionally
by the extensible SDK.
When building the extensible SDK,
uninative-tarball
is built and the resulting
tarball is included within the SDK.
update-alternatives.bbclass
¶
The update-alternatives
class helps the
alternatives system when multiple sources provide the same command.
This situation occurs when several programs that have the same or
similar function are installed with the same name.
For example, the ar
command is available from the
busybox
, binutils
and
elfutils
packages.
The update-alternatives
class handles
renaming the binaries so that multiple packages can be installed
without conflicts.
The ar
command still works regardless of which
packages are installed or subsequently removed.
The class renames the conflicting binary in each package and symlinks
the highest priority binary during installation or removal of packages.
To use this class, you need to define a number of variables:
These variables list alternative commands needed by a package,
provide pathnames for links, default links for targets, and
so forth.
For details on how to use this class, see the comments in the
update-alternatives.bbclass
file.
update-alternatives
command
directly in your recipes.
However, this class simplifies things in most cases.
update-rc.d.bbclass
¶
The update-rc.d
class uses
update-rc.d
to safely install an
initialization script on behalf of the package.
The OpenEmbedded build system takes care of details such as making
sure the script is stopped before a package is removed and started when
the package is installed.
Three variables control this class:
INITSCRIPT_PACKAGES
,
INITSCRIPT_NAME
and
INITSCRIPT_PARAMS
.
See the variable links for details.
useradd*.bbclass
¶
The useradd*
classes support the addition of users
or groups for usage by the package on the target.
For example, if you have packages that contain system services that
should be run under their own user or group, you can use these classes
to enable creation of the user or group.
The
meta-skeleton/recipes-skeleton/useradd/useradd-example.bb
recipe in the Source Directory
provides a simple example that shows how to add three
users and groups to two packages.
See the useradd-example.bb
recipe for more
information on how to use these classes.
The useradd_base
class provides basic
functionality for user or groups settings.
The useradd*
classes support the
USERADD_PACKAGES
,
USERADD_PARAM
,
GROUPADD_PARAM
,
and
GROUPMEMS_PARAM
variables.
The useradd-staticids
class supports the addition
of users or groups that have static user identification
(uid
) and group identification
(gid
) values.
The default behavior of the OpenEmbedded build system for assigning
uid
and gid
values when
packages add users and groups during package install time is to
add them dynamically.
This works fine for programs that do not care what the values of the
resulting users and groups become.
In these cases, the order of the installation determines the final
uid
and gid
values.
However, if non-deterministic
uid
and gid
values are a
problem, you can override the default, dynamic application of these
values by setting static values.
When you set static values, the OpenEmbedded build system looks in
BBPATH
for
files/passwd
and files/group
files for the values.
To use static uid
and gid
values, you need to set some variables.
See the
USERADDEXTENSION
,
USERADD_UID_TABLES
,
USERADD_GID_TABLES
,
and
USERADD_ERROR_DYNAMIC
variables.
You can also see the
useradd
class for additional information.
useradd-staticids
class directly.
You either enable or disable the class by setting the
USERADDEXTENSION
variable.
If you enable or disable the class in a configured system,
TMPDIR
might contain incorrect uid
and
gid
values.
Deleting the TMPDIR
directory
will correct this condition.
utility-tasks.bbclass
¶
The utility-tasks
class provides support for
various "utility" type tasks that are applicable to all recipes,
such as
do_clean
and
do_listtasks
.
This class is enabled by default because it is inherited by
the
base
class.
utils.bbclass
¶
The utils
class provides some useful Python
functions that are typically used in inline Python expressions
(e.g. ${@...}
).
One example use is for bb.utils.contains()
.
This class is enabled by default because it is inherited by the
base
class.
vala.bbclass
¶
The vala
class supports recipes that need to
build software written using the Vala programming language.
waf.bbclass
¶
The waf
class supports recipes that need to build
software that uses the Waf build system.
You can use the
EXTRA_OECONF
or
PACKAGECONFIG_CONFARGS
variables to specify additional configuration options to be passed on
the Waf command line.
Table of Contents
do_build
do_compile
do_compile_ptest_base
do_configure
do_configure_ptest_base
do_deploy
do_distrodata
do_fetch
do_image
do_image_complete
do_install
do_install_ptest_base
do_package
do_package_qa
do_package_write_deb
do_package_write_ipk
do_package_write_rpm
do_package_write_tar
do_packagedata
do_patch
do_populate_lic
do_populate_sdk
do_populate_sysroot
do_prepare_recipe_sysroot
do_rm_work
do_rm_work_all
do_unpack
do_compile_kernelmodules
do_diffconfig
do_kernel_checkout
do_kernel_configcheck
do_kernel_configme
do_kernel_menuconfig
do_kernel_metadata
do_menuconfig
do_savedefconfig
do_shared_workdir
do_sizecheck
do_strip
do_validate_branches
Tasks are units of execution for BitBake.
Recipes (.bb
files) use tasks to complete
configuring, compiling, and packaging software.
This chapter provides a reference of the tasks defined in the
OpenEmbedded build system.
The following sections describe normal tasks associated with building a recipe. For more information on tasks and dependencies, see the "Tasks" and "Dependencies" sections in the BitBake User Manual.
do_build
¶The default task for all recipes. This task depends on all other normal tasks required to build a recipe.
do_compile
¶
Compiles the source code.
This task runs with the current working directory set
to
${
B
}
.
The default behavior of this task is to run the
oe_runmake
function if a makefile
(Makefile
, makefile
,
or GNUmakefile
) is found.
If no such file is found, the do_compile
task does nothing.
do_compile_ptest_base
¶Compiles the runtime test suite included in the software being built.
do_configure
¶
Configures the source by enabling and disabling any build-time and
configuration options for the software being built.
The task runs with the current working directory set to
${
B
}
.
The default behavior of this task is to run
oe_runmake clean
if a makefile
(Makefile
, makefile
,
or GNUmakefile
) is found and
CLEANBROKEN
is not set to "1".
If no such file is found or the CLEANBROKEN
variable is set to "1", the do_configure
task does nothing.
do_configure_ptest_base
¶Configures the runtime test suite included in the software being built.
do_deploy
¶
Writes output files that are to be deployed to
${
DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE
}
.
The task runs with the current working directory set to
${
B
}
.
Recipes implementing this task should inherit the
deploy
class and should write the output to
${
DEPLOYDIR
}
,
which is not to be confused with ${DEPLOY_DIR}
.
The deploy
class sets up
do_deploy
as a shared state (sstate) task that
can be accelerated through sstate use.
The sstate mechanism takes care of copying the output from
${DEPLOYDIR}
to
${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}
.
${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}
, as this causes
the sstate mechanism to malfunction.
The do_deploy
task is not added as a task
by default and consequently needs to be added manually.
If you want the task to run after
do_compile
,
you can add it by doing the following:
addtask deploy after do_compile
Adding do_deploy
after other tasks works the
same way.
before do_build
to the addtask
command (though it is
harmless), because the
base
class contains the following:
do_build[recrdeptask] += "do_deploy"See the "Dependencies" section in the BitBake User Manual for more information.
If the do_deploy
task re-executes, any
previous output is removed (i.e. "cleaned").
do_distrodata
¶Provides information about the recipe.
The distrodata
task is included as part of the
distrodata
class.
To build the distrodata
task, use the
bitbake
command with the "-c" option and
task name:
$ bitbake core-image-minimal -c distrodata
By default, the results are stored in
$LOG_DIR
(e.g. $BUILD_DIR/tmp/log
).
do_fetch
¶
Fetches the source code.
This task uses the
SRC_URI
variable and the argument's prefix to determine the correct
fetcher module.
do_image
¶
Starts the image generation process.
The do_image
task runs after the
OpenEmbedded build system has run the
do_rootfs
task during which packages are identified for installation into
the image and the root filesystem is created, complete with
post-processing.
The do_image
task performs pre-processing
on the image through the
IMAGE_PREPROCESS_COMMAND
and dynamically generates supporting
do_image_*
tasks as needed.
For more information on image creation, see the "Image Generation" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
do_image_complete
¶
Completes the image generation process.
The do_image_complete
task runs after the
OpenEmbedded build system has run the
do_image
task during which image pre-processing occurs and through
dynamically generated do_image_*
tasks the
image is constructed.
The do_image_complete
task performs
post-processing on the image through the
IMAGE_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND
.
For more information on image creation, see the "Image Generation" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
do_install
¶
Copies files that are to be packaged into the holding area
${
D
}
.
This task runs with the current working directory set to
${
B
}
,
which is the compilation directory.
The do_install
task, as well as other tasks
that either directly or indirectly depend on the installed files
(e.g.
do_package
,
do_package_write_*
,
and
do_rootfs
),
run under
fakeroot.
When installing files, be careful not to set the owner and
group IDs of the installed files to unintended values.
Some methods of copying files, notably when using the
recursive cp
command, can preserve the
UID and/or GID of the original file, which is usually not
what you want.
The
host-user-contaminated
QA check checks for files that probably have the wrong
ownership.
Safe methods for installing files include the following:
The install
utility.
This utility is the preferred method.
The cp
command with the
"--no-preserve=ownership" option.
The tar
command with the
"--no-same-owner" option.
See the bin_package.bbclass
file in the meta/classes
directory of the
Source Directory
for an example.
do_install_ptest_base
¶Copies the runtime test suite files from the compilation directory to a holding area.
do_package
¶
Analyzes the content of the holding area
${
D
}
and splits the content into subsets based on available packages
and files.
This task makes use of the
PACKAGES
and
FILES
variables.
The do_package
task, in conjunction with the
do_packagedata
task, also saves some important package metadata.
For additional information, see the
PKGDESTWORK
variable and the
"Automatically Added Runtime Dependencies"
section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
do_package_qa
¶
Runs QA checks on packaged files.
For more information on these checks, see the
insane
class.
do_package_write_deb
¶
Creates Debian packages (i.e. *.deb
files) and
places them in the
${
DEPLOY_DIR_DEB
}
directory in the package feeds area.
For more information, see the
"Package Feeds"
section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
do_package_write_ipk
¶
Creates IPK packages (i.e. *.ipk
files) and
places them in the
${
DEPLOY_DIR_IPK
}
directory in the package feeds area.
For more information, see the
"Package Feeds"
section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
do_package_write_rpm
¶
Creates RPM packages (i.e. *.rpm
files) and
places them in the
${
DEPLOY_DIR_RPM
}
directory in the package feeds area.
For more information, see the
"Package Feeds"
section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
do_package_write_tar
¶
Creates tarballs and places them in the
${
DEPLOY_DIR_TAR
}
directory in the package feeds area.
For more information, see the
"Package Feeds"
section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual.
do_packagedata
¶
Saves package metadata generated by the
do_package
task in
PKGDATA_DIR
to make it available globally.
do_patch
¶Locates patch files and applies them to the source code.
After fetching and unpacking source files, the build system
uses the recipe's
SRC_URI
statements to locate and apply patch files to the source code.
FILESPATH
variable to determine the default set of directories when
searching for patches.
Patch files, by default, are *.patch
and
*.diff
files created and kept in a
subdirectory of the directory holding the recipe file.
For example, consider the
bluez5
recipe from the OE-Core layer (i.e.
poky/meta
):
poky/meta/recipes-connectivity/bluez5
This recipe has two patch files located here:
poky/meta/recipes-connectivity/bluez5/bluez5
In the bluez5
recipe, the
SRC_URI
statements point to the source and
patch files needed to build the package.
bluez5_5.48.bb
recipe, the SRC_URI
statements are from an
include file bluez5.inc
.
As mentioned earlier, the build system treats files whose file
types are .patch
and
.diff
as patch files.
However, you can use the "apply=yes" parameter with the
SRC_URI
statement to indicate any file as a
patch file:
SRC_URI = " \ git://path_to_repo
/some_package
\ file://file
;apply=yes \ "
Conversely, if you have a directory full of patch files and you
want to exclude some so that the do_patch
task does not apply them during the patch phase, you can use
the "apply=no" parameter with the SRC_URI
statement:
SRC_URI = " \ git://path_to_repo
/some_package
\ file://path_to_lots_of_patch_files
\ file://path_to_lots_of_patch_files
/patch_file5
;apply=no \ "
In the previous example, assuming all the files in the directory
holding the patch files end with either .patch
or .diff
, every file would be applied as a
patch by default except for the
patch_file5
patch.
You can find out more about the patching process in the "Patching" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual and the "Patching Code" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
do_populate_lic
¶Writes license information for the recipe that is collected later when the image is constructed.
do_populate_sdk
¶Creates the file and directory structure for an installable SDK. See the "SDK Generation" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual for more information.
do_populate_sysroot
¶
Stages (copies) a subset of the files installed by the
do_install
task into the appropriate sysroot.
For information on how to access these files from other recipes,
see the
STAGING_DIR*
variables.
Directories that would typically not be needed by other recipes at
build time (e.g. /etc
) are not copied by
default.
For information on what directories are copied by default, see the
SYSROOT_DIRS*
variables.
You can change these variables inside your recipe if you need
to make additional (or fewer) directories available to other
recipes at build time.
The do_populate_sysroot
task is a
shared state (sstate) task, which means that the task can
be accelerated through sstate use.
Realize also that if the task is re-executed, any previous output
is removed (i.e. "cleaned").
do_prepare_recipe_sysroot
¶
Installs the files into the individual recipe specific sysroots
(i.e. recipe-sysroot
and
recipe-sysroot-native
under
${
WORKDIR
}
based upon the dependencies specified by
DEPENDS
).
See the
"staging
"
class for more information.
do_rm_work
¶
Removes work files after the OpenEmbedded build system has
finished with them.
You can learn more by looking at the
"rm_work.bbclass
"
section.
do_rm_work_all
¶Top-level task for removing work files after the build system has finished with them.
do_unpack
¶
Unpacks the source code into a working directory pointed to
by
${
WORKDIR
}
.
The
S
variable also
plays a role in where unpacked source files ultimately reside.
For more information on how source files are unpacked, see the
"Source Fetching"
section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual and also
see the WORKDIR
and
S
variable descriptions.
These tasks are typically manually triggered (e.g. by using the
bitbake -c
command-line option):
do_checkpkg
¶Provides information about the recipe including its upstream version and status. The upstream version and status reveals whether or not a version of the recipe exists upstream and a status of not updated, updated, or unknown.
The checkpkg
task is included as part of the
distrodata
class.
To build the checkpkg
task, use the
bitbake
command with the "-c" option and
task name:
$ bitbake core-image-minimal -c checkpkg
By default, the results are stored in
$LOG_DIR
(e.g. $BUILD_DIR/tmp/log
).
do_clean
¶
Removes all output files for a target from the
do_unpack
task forward (i.e. do_unpack
,
do_configure
,
do_compile
,
do_install
,
and
do_package
).
You can run this task using BitBake as follows:
$ bitbake -c clean recipe
Running this task does not remove the
sstate
cache files.
Consequently, if no changes have been made and the recipe is
rebuilt after cleaning, output files are simply restored from the
sstate cache.
If you want to remove the sstate cache files for the recipe,
you need to use the
do_cleansstate
task instead (i.e. bitbake -c cleansstate
recipe
).
do_cleanall
¶
Removes all output files, shared state
(sstate)
cache, and downloaded source files for a target (i.e. the contents
of
DL_DIR
).
Essentially, the do_cleanall
task is
identical to the
do_cleansstate
task with the added removal of downloaded source files.
You can run this task using BitBake as follows:
$ bitbake -c cleanall recipe
Typically, you would not normally use the
cleanall
task.
Do so only if you want to start fresh with the
do_fetch
task.
do_cleansstate
¶
Removes all output files and shared state
(sstate)
cache for a target.
Essentially, the do_cleansstate
task is
identical to the
do_clean
task with the added removal of shared state
(sstate)
cache.
You can run this task using BitBake as follows:
$ bitbake -c cleansstate recipe
When you run the do_cleansstate
task,
the OpenEmbedded build system no longer uses any
sstate.
Consequently, building the recipe from scratch is guaranteed.
do_cleansstate
task cannot remove
sstate from a remote sstate mirror.
If you need to build a target from scratch using remote
mirrors, use the "-f" option as follows:
$ bitbake -f -c do_cleansstate target
do_devpyshell
¶
Starts a shell in which an interactive Python interpreter allows
you to interact with the BitBake build environment.
From within this shell, you can directly examine and set
bits from the data store and execute functions as if within
the BitBake environment.
See the
"Using a Development Python Shell"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more
information about using devpyshell
.
do_devshell
¶
Starts a shell whose environment is set up for
development, debugging, or both.
See the
"Using a Development Shell"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more
information about using devshell
.
do_listtasks
¶Lists all defined tasks for a target.
do_package_index
¶Creates or updates the index in the Package Feeds area.
bitbake -c
command-line option as
are the other tasks in this section.
Because this task is specifically for the
package-index
recipe,
you run it using
bitbake package-index
.
The following tasks are applicable to image recipes.
do_bootimg
¶
Creates a bootable live image.
See the
IMAGE_FSTYPES
variable for additional information on live image types.
do_bundle_initramfs
¶
Combines an initial RAM disk (initramfs) image and kernel
together to form a single image.
The
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE
variable has some more information about these types of images.
do_rootfs
¶Creates the root filesystem (file and directory structure) for an image. See the "Image Generation" section in the Yocto Project Overview and Concepts Manual for more information on how the root filesystem is created.
do_testimage
¶Boots an image and performs runtime tests within the image. For information on automatically testing images, see the "Performing Automated Runtime Testing" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
do_testimage_auto
¶
Boots an image and performs runtime tests within the image
immediately after it has been built.
This task is enabled when you set
TEST_IMAGE
equal to "1".
For information on automatically testing images, see the "Performing Automated Runtime Testing" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
The following tasks are applicable to kernel recipes.
Some of these tasks (e.g. the
do_menuconfig
task) are also applicable to recipes that use
Linux kernel style configuration such as the BusyBox recipe.
do_compile_kernelmodules
¶
Runs the step that builds the kernel modules (if needed).
Building a kernel consists of two steps: 1) the kernel
(vmlinux
) is built, and 2) the modules
are built (i.e. make modules
).
do_diffconfig
¶
When invoked by the user, this task creates a file containing the
differences between the original config as produced by
do_kernel_configme
task and the changes made by the user with other methods
(i.e. using
(do_kernel_menuconfig
).
Once the file of differences is created, it can be used to create
a config fragment that only contains the differences.
You can invoke this task from the command line as follows:
$ bitbake linux-yocto -c diffconfig
For more information, see the "Creating Configuration Fragments" section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual.
do_kernel_checkout
¶
Converts the newly unpacked kernel source into a form with which
the OpenEmbedded build system can work.
Because the kernel source can be fetched in several different ways,
the do_kernel_checkout
task makes sure that
subsequent tasks are given a clean working tree copy of the kernel
with the correct branches checked out.
do_kernel_configcheck
¶
Validates the configuration produced by the
do_kernel_menuconfig
task.
The do_kernel_configcheck
task produces
warnings when a requested configuration does not appear in the
final .config
file or when you override a
policy configuration in a hardware configuration fragment.
You can run this task explicitly and view the output by using
the following command:
$ bitbake linux-yocto -c kernel_configcheck -f
For more information, see the "Validating Configuration" section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual.
do_kernel_configme
¶
After the kernel is patched by the
do_patch
task, the do_kernel_configme
task assembles
and merges all the kernel config fragments into a merged
configuration that can then be passed to the kernel configuration
phase proper.
This is also the time during which user-specified defconfigs
are applied if present, and where configuration modes such as
--allnoconfig
are applied.
do_kernel_menuconfig
¶
Invoked by the user to manipulate the
.config
file used to build a linux-yocto
recipe.
This task starts the Linux kernel configuration tool, which you
then use to modify the kernel configuration.
$ bitbake linux-yocto -c menuconfig
See the
"Using menuconfig
"
section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual
for more information on this configuration tool.
do_kernel_metadata
¶
Collects all the features required for a given kernel build,
whether the features come from
SRC_URI
or from Git repositories.
After collection, the do_kernel_metadata
task
processes the features into a series of config fragments and
patches, which can then be applied by subsequent tasks such as
do_patch
and
do_kernel_configme
.
do_menuconfig
¶
Runs make menuconfig
for the kernel.
For information on menuconfig
, see the
"Using menuconfig
"
section in the Yocto Project Linux Kernel Development Manual.
do_savedefconfig
¶
When invoked by the user, creates a defconfig file that can be
used instead of the default defconfig.
The saved defconfig contains the differences between the default
defconfig and the changes made by the user using other methods
(i.e. the
do_kernel_menuconfig
task.
You can invoke the task using the following command:
$ bitbake linux-yocto -c savedefconfig
do_shared_workdir
¶
After the kernel has been compiled but before the kernel modules
have been compiled, this task copies files required for module
builds and which are generated from the kernel build into the
shared work directory.
With these copies successfully copied, the
do_compile_kernelmodules
task can successfully build the kernel modules in the next step
of the build.
do_sizecheck
¶
After the kernel has been built, this task checks the size of the
stripped kernel image against
KERNEL_IMAGE_MAXSIZE
.
If that variable was set and the size of the stripped kernel
exceeds that size, the kernel build produces a warning to that
effect.
do_strip
¶
If
KERNEL_IMAGE_STRIP_EXTRA_SECTIONS
is defined,
this task strips the sections named in that variable from
vmlinux
.
This stripping is typically used to remove nonessential sections
such as .comment
sections from a
size-sensitive configuration.
do_validate_branches
¶
After the kernel is unpacked but before it is patched, this task
makes sure that the machine and metadata branches as specified
by the SRCREV
variables actually exist on the specified branches.
If these branches do not exist and
AUTOREV
is not being used, the do_validate_branches
task fails during the build.
devtool
Quick Reference¶Table of Contents
The devtool
command-line tool provides a number
of features that help you build, test, and package software.
This command is available alongside the bitbake
command.
Additionally, the devtool
command is a key
part of the extensible SDK.
This chapter provides a Quick Reference for the
devtool
command.
For more information on how to apply the command when using the
extensible SDK, see the
"Using the Extensible SDK"
chapter in the Yocto Project Application Development and the
Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual.
The devtool
command line is organized
similarly to Git in that it has a number of sub-commands for
each function.
You can run devtool --help
to see all
the commands:
$ devtool --help NOTE: Starting bitbake server... usage: devtool [--basepath BASEPATH] [--bbpath BBPATH] [-d] [-q] [--color COLOR] [-h] <subcommand> ... OpenEmbedded development tool options: --basepath BASEPATH Base directory of SDK / build directory --bbpath BBPATH Explicitly specify the BBPATH, rather than getting it from the metadata -d, --debug Enable debug output -q, --quiet Print only errors --color COLOR Colorize output (where COLOR is auto, always, never) -h, --help show this help message and exit subcommands: Beginning work on a recipe: add Add a new recipe modify Modify the source for an existing recipe upgrade Upgrade an existing recipe Getting information: status Show workspace status search Search available recipes latest-version Report the latest version of an existing recipe Working on a recipe in the workspace: build Build a recipe rename Rename a recipe file in the workspace edit-recipe Edit a recipe file find-recipe Find a recipe file configure-help Get help on configure script options update-recipe Apply changes from external source tree to recipe reset Remove a recipe from your workspace finish Finish working on a recipe in your workspace Testing changes on target: deploy-target Deploy recipe output files to live target machine undeploy-target Undeploy recipe output files in live target machine build-image Build image including workspace recipe packages Advanced: create-workspace Set up workspace in an alternative location export Export workspace into a tar archive import Import exported tar archive into workspace extract Extract the source for an existing recipe sync Synchronize the source tree for an existing recipe Use devtool <subcommand> --help to get help on a specific command
As directed in the general help output, you can get more
syntax on a specific command by providing the command
name and using --help
:
$ devtool add --help NOTE: Starting bitbake server... usage: devtool add [-h] [--same-dir | --no-same-dir] [--fetch URI] [--fetch-dev] [--version VERSION] [--no-git] [--srcrev SRCREV | --autorev] [--srcbranch SRCBRANCH] [--binary] [--also-native] [--src-subdir SUBDIR] [--mirrors] [--provides PROVIDES] [recipename] [srctree] [fetchuri] Adds a new recipe to the workspace to build a specified source tree. Can optionally fetch a remote URI and unpack it to create the source tree. arguments: recipename Name for new recipe to add (just name - no version, path or extension). If not specified, will attempt to auto-detect it. srctree Path to external source tree. If not specified, a subdirectory of /home/scottrif/poky/build/workspace/sources will be used. fetchuri Fetch the specified URI and extract it to create the source tree options: -h, --help show this help message and exit --same-dir, -s Build in same directory as source --no-same-dir Force build in a separate build directory --fetch URI, -f URI Fetch the specified URI and extract it to create the source tree (deprecated - pass as positional argument instead) --fetch-dev For npm, also fetch devDependencies --version VERSION, -V VERSION Version to use within recipe (PV) --no-git, -g If fetching source, do not set up source tree as a git repository --srcrev SRCREV, -S SRCREV Source revision to fetch if fetching from an SCM such as git (default latest) --autorev, -a When fetching from a git repository, set SRCREV in the recipe to a floating revision instead of fixed --srcbranch SRCBRANCH, -B SRCBRANCH Branch in source repository if fetching from an SCM such as git (default master) --binary, -b Treat the source tree as something that should be installed verbatim (no compilation, same directory structure). Useful with binary packages e.g. RPMs. --also-native Also add native variant (i.e. support building recipe for the build host as well as the target machine) --src-subdir SUBDIR Specify subdirectory within source tree to use --mirrors Enable PREMIRRORS and MIRRORS for source tree fetching (disable by default). --provides PROVIDES, -p PROVIDES Specify an alias for the item provided by the recipe. E.g. virtual/libgl
devtool
uses a "Workspace" layer
in which to accomplish builds.
This layer is not specific to any single
devtool
command but is rather a common
working area used across the tool.
The following figure shows the workspace structure:
attic - A directory created if devtool believes it must preserve
anything when you run "devtool reset". For example, if you
run "devtool add", make changes to the recipe, and then
run "devtool reset", devtool takes notice that the file has
been changed and moves it into the attic should you still
want the recipe.
README - Provides information on what is in workspace layer and how to
manage it.
.devtool_md5 - A checksum file used by devtool.
appends - A directory that contains *.bbappend files, which point to
external source.
conf - A configuration directory that contains the layer.conf file.
recipes - A directory containing recipes. This directory contains a
folder for each directory added whose name matches that of the
added recipe. devtool places the recipe
.bb file
within that sub-directory.
sources - A directory containing a working copy of the source files used
when building the recipe. This is the default directory used
as the location of the source tree when you do not provide a
source tree path. This directory contains a folder for each
set of source files matched to a corresponding recipe.
Use the devtool add
command to add a new recipe
to the workspace layer.
The recipe you add should not exist -
devtool
creates it for you.
The source files the recipe uses should exist in an external
area.
The following example creates and adds a new recipe named
jackson
to a workspace layer the tool creates.
The source code built by the recipes resides in
/home/
:
user
/sources/jackson
$ devtool add jackson /home/user
/sources/jackson
If you add a recipe and the workspace layer does not exist, the command creates the layer and populates it as described in "The Workspace Layer Structure" section.
Running devtool add
when the
workspace layer exists causes the tool to add the recipe,
append files, and source files into the existing workspace layer.
The .bbappend
file is created to point
to the external source tree.
By default, devtool add
uses the latest
revision (i.e. master) when unpacking files from a remote URI.
In some cases, you might want to specify a source revision by
branch, tag, or commit hash. You can specify these options when
using the devtool add
command:
To specify a source branch, use the
--srcbranch
option:
$ devtool add --srcbranch sumo jackson /home/user
/sources/jackson
In the previous example, you are checking out the sumo branch.
To specify a specific tag or commit hash, use the
--srcrev
option:
$ devtool add --srcrev yocto-2.5.3 jackson /home/user
/sources/jackson $ devtool add --srcrevsome_commit_hash
/home/user
/sources/jackson
The previous examples check out the yocto-2.5.3 tag
and the commit associated with the
some_commit_hash
hash.
--autorev
or -a
.
Use the devtool extract
command to
extract the source for an existing recipe.
When you use this command, you must supply the root name
of the recipe (i.e. no version, paths, or extensions), and
you must supply the directory to which you want the source
extracted.
Additional command options let you control the name of a development branch into which you can checkout the source and whether or not to keep a temporary directory, which is useful for debugging.
Use the devtool sync
command to
synchronize a previously extracted source tree for an
existing recipe.
When you use this command, you must supply the root name
of the recipe (i.e. no version, paths, or extensions), and
you must supply the directory to which you want the source
extracted.
Additional command options let you control the name of a development branch into which you can checkout the source and whether or not to keep a temporary directory, which is useful for debugging.
Use the devtool modify
command to begin
modifying the source of an existing recipe.
This command is very similar to the
add
command except that it does not physically create the
recipe in the workspace layer because the recipe already
exists in an another layer.
The devtool modify
command extracts the
source for a recipe, sets it up as a Git repository if the
source had not already been fetched from Git, checks out a
branch for development, and applies any patches from the recipe
as commits on top.
You can use the following command to checkout the source
files:
$ devtool modify recipe
Using the above command form, devtool
uses
the existing recipe's
SRC_URI
statement to locate the upstream source, extracts the source
into the default sources location in the workspace.
The default development branch used is "devtool".
Use the devtool edit-recipe
command
to run the default editor, which is identified using the
EDITOR
variable, on the specified recipe.
When you use the devtool edit-recipe
command, you must supply the root name of the recipe
(i.e. no version, paths, or extensions).
Also, the recipe file itself must reside in the workspace
as a result of the devtool add
or
devtool upgrade
commands.
However, you can override that requirement by using the
"-a" or "--any-recipe" option.
Using either of these options allows you to edit any recipe
regardless of its location.
Use the devtool update-recipe
command to
update your recipe with patches that reflect changes you make
to the source files.
For example, if you know you are going to work on some
code, you could first use the
devtool modify
command to extract the code and set up the workspace.
After which, you could modify, compile, and test the code.
When you are satisfied with the results and you have committed
your changes to the Git repository, you can then
run the devtool update-recipe
to create the
patches and update the recipe:
$ devtool update-recipe recipe
If you run the devtool update-recipe
without committing your changes, the command ignores the
changes.
Often, you might want to apply customizations made to your
software in your own layer rather than apply them to the
original recipe.
If so, you can use the
-a
or --append
option with the devtool update-recipe
command.
These options allow you to specify the layer into which to
write an append file:
$ devtool update-reciperecipe
-abase-layer-directory
The *.bbappend
file is created at the
appropriate path within the specified layer directory, which
may or may not be in your bblayers.conf
file.
If an append file already exists, the command updates it
appropriately.
As software matures, upstream recipes are upgraded to newer
versions.
As a developer, you need to keep your local recipes up-to-date
with the upstream version releases.
Several methods exist by which you can upgrade recipes.
You can read about them in the
"Upgrading Recipes"
section of the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
This section overviews the devtool upgrade
command.
The devtool upgrade
command
upgrades an existing recipe to a more recent version of the
recipe upstream.
The command puts the upgraded recipe file along with any associated
files into a "workspace" and, if necessary, extracts the source
tree to a specified location.
During the upgrade, patches associated with the recipe are
rebased or added as needed.
When you use the devtool upgrade
command,
you must supply the root name of the recipe (i.e. no version,
paths, or extensions), and you must supply the directory
to which you want the source extracted.
Additional command options let you control things such as
the version number to which you want to upgrade (i.e. the
PV
),
the source revision to which you want to upgrade (i.e. the
SRCREV
),
whether or not to apply patches, and so forth.
You can read more on the devtool upgrade
workflow in the
"Use devtool upgrade
to Create a Version of the Recipe that Supports a Newer Version of the Software"
section in the Yocto Project Application Development and the
Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual.
You can also see an example of how to use
devtool upgrade
in the
"Using devtool upgrade
"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
Use the devtool reset
command to remove a
recipe and its configuration (e.g. the corresponding
.bbappend
file) from the workspace layer.
Realize that this command deletes the recipe and the
append file.
The command does not physically move them for you.
Consequently, you must be sure to physically relocate your
updated recipe and the append file outside of the workspace
layer before running the devtool reset
command.
If the devtool reset
command detects that
the recipe or the append files have been modified, the
command preserves the modified files in a separate "attic"
subdirectory under the workspace layer.
Here is an example that resets the workspace directory that
contains the mtr
recipe:
$ devtool reset mtr NOTE: Cleaning sysroot for recipe mtr... NOTE: Leaving source tree /home/scottrif/poky/build/workspace/sources/mtr as-is; if you no longer need it then please delete it manually $
Use the devtool build
command to cause the
OpenEmbedded build system to build your recipe.
The devtool build
command is equivalent to
bitbake -c populate_sysroot
.
When you use the devtool build
command,
you must supply the root name of the recipe (i.e. no version,
paths, or extensions).
You can use either the "-s" or the "--disable-parallel-make"
option to disable parallel makes during the build.
Here is an example:
$ devtool build recipe
Use the devtool build-image
command
to build an image, extending it to include packages from
recipes in the workspace.
Using this command is useful when you want an image that
ready for immediate deployment onto a device for testing.
For proper integration into a final image, you need to
edit your custom image recipe appropriately.
When you use the devtool build-image
command, you must supply the name of the image.
This command has no command line options:
$ devtool build-image image
Use the devtool deploy-target
command to
deploy the recipe's build output to the live target machine:
$ devtool deploy-targetrecipe
target
The target
is the address of the
target machine, which must be running an SSH server (i.e.
user@hostname[:destdir]
).
This command deploys all files installed during the
do_install
task.
Furthermore, you do not need to have package management enabled
within the target machine.
If you do, the package manager is bypassed.
The deploy-target
functionality is for development only.
You should never use it to update an image that will be
used in production.
Some conditions exist that could prevent a deployed application from behaving as expected. When both of the following conditions exist, your application has the potential to not behave correctly when run on the target:
You are deploying a new application to the target and the recipe you used to build the application had correctly defined runtime dependencies.
The target does not physically have the packages on which the application depends installed.
If both of these conditions exist, your application will not
behave as expected.
The reason for this misbehavior is because the
devtool deploy-target
command does not deploy
the packages (e.g. libraries) on which your new application
depends.
The assumption is that the packages are already on the target.
Consequently, when a runtime call is made in the application
for a dependent function (e.g. a library call), the function
cannot be found.
To be sure you have all the dependencies local to the target, you need to be sure that the packages are pre-deployed (installed) on the target before attempting to run your application.
Use the devtool undeploy-target
command to
remove deployed build output from the target machine.
For the devtool undeploy-target
command to
work, you must have previously used the
devtool deploy-target
command.
$ devtool undeploy-targetrecipe
target
The target
is the address of the
target machine, which must be running an SSH server (i.e.
user@hostname
).
Use the devtool create-workspace
command to
create a new workspace layer in your
Build Directory.
When you create a new workspace layer, it is populated with the
README
file and the
conf
directory only.
The following example creates a new workspace layer in your current working and by default names the workspace layer "workspace":
$ devtool create-workspace
You can create a workspace layer anywhere by supplying a pathname with the command. The following command creates a new workspace layer named "new-workspace":
$ devtool create-workspace /home/scottrif/new-workspace
Use the devtool status
command to
list the recipes currently in your workspace.
Information includes the paths to their respective
external source trees.
The devtool status
command has no
command-line options:
$ devtool status
Following is sample output after using
devtool add
to create and add the mtr_0.86.bb
recipe
to the workspace
directory:
$ devtool status mtr: /home/scottrif/poky/build/workspace/sources/mtr (/home/scottrif/poky/build/workspace/recipes/mtr/mtr_0.86.bb) $
Use the devtool search
command to
search for available target recipes.
The command matches the recipe name, package name,
description, and installed files.
The command displays the recipe name as a result of a
match.
When you use the devtool search
command,
you must supply a keyword
.
The command uses the keyword
when
searching for a match.
.wks
) Reference¶
The current Wic implementation supports only the basic kickstart
partitioning commands:
partition
(or part
for short) and bootloader
.
This chapter provides a reference on the available kickstart commands. The information lists the commands, their syntax, and meanings. Kickstart commands are based on the Fedora kickstart versions but with modifications to reflect Wic capabilities. You can see the original documentation for those commands at the following link:
http://pykickstart.readthedocs.io/en/latest/kickstart-docs.html
Either of these commands creates a partition on the system and uses the following syntax:
part [mntpoint
] partition [mntpoint
]
If you do not provide mntpoint
, Wic
creates a partition but does not mount it.
The
is
where the partition is mounted and must be in one of the
following forms:
mntpoint
/
:
For example, "/", "/usr", or "/home"
path
swap
:
The created partition is used as swap space
Specifying a mntpoint
causes the
partition to automatically be mounted.
Wic achieves this by adding entries to the filesystem table (fstab)
during image generation.
In order for Wic to generate a valid fstab, you must also provide
one of the --ondrive
,
--ondisk
, or
--use-uuid
partition options as part of the
command.
--use-uuid
and non-root
mountpoint
, including swap.
The busybox versions of these application are currently
excluded.
Here is an example that uses "/" as the
mountpoint
.
The command uses --ondisk
to force the
partition onto the
sdb
disk:
part / --source rootfs --ondisk sdb --fstype=ext3 --label platform --align 1024
Here is a list that describes other supported options you can use
with the part
and
partition
commands:
--size
:
The minimum partition size in MBytes.
Specify an integer value such as 500.
Do not append the number with "MB".
You do not need this option if you use
--source
.
--fixed-size
:
The exact partition size in MBytes.
You cannot specify with --size
.
An error occurs when assembling the disk image if the
partition data is larger than
--fixed-size
.
--source
:
This option is a Wic-specific option that names the source
of the data that populates the partition.
The most common value for this option is "rootfs", but you
can use any value that maps to a valid source plug-in.
For information on the source plug-ins, see the
"Using the Wic Plug-Ins Interface"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
If you use --source rootfs
, Wic
creates a partition as large as needed and fills it with
the contents of the root filesystem pointed to by the
-r
command-line option or the
equivalent rootfs derived from the -e
command-line option.
The filesystem type used to create the partition is driven
by the value of the --fstype
option
specified for the partition.
See the entry on --fstype
that follows
for more information.
If you use
--source
,
Wic creates a partition as large as needed and fills it
with the contents of the partition that is generated by the
specified plug-in name using the data pointed to by the
plugin-name
-r
command-line option or the
equivalent rootfs derived from the -e
command-line option.
Exactly what those contents are and filesystem type used are
dependent on the given plug-in implementation.
If you do not use the --source
option, the wic
command creates an
empty partition.
Consequently, you must use the --size
option to specify the size of the empty partition.
--ondisk
or --ondrive
:
Forces the partition to be created on a particular disk.
--fstype
:
Sets the file system type for the partition.
Valid values are:
ext4
ext3
ext2
btrfs
squashfs
swap
--fsoptions
:
Specifies a free-form string of options to be used when
mounting the filesystem.
This string is copied into the
/etc/fstab
file of the installed
system and should be enclosed in quotes.
If not specified, the default string is "defaults".
--label label
:
Specifies the label to give to the filesystem to be made on
the partition.
If the given label is already in use by another filesystem,
a new label is created for the partition.
--active
:
Marks the partition as active.
--align (in KBytes)
:
This option is a Wic-specific option that says to start
partitions on boundaries given
x
KBytes.
--no-table
:
This option is a Wic-specific option.
Using the option reserves space for the partition and
causes it to become populated.
However, the partition is not added to the partition table.
--exclude-path
:
This option is a Wic-specific option that excludes the given
relative path from the resulting image.
This option is only effective with the rootfs source
plug-in.
--extra-space
:
This option is a Wic-specific option that adds extra space
after the space filled by the content of the partition.
The final size can exceed the size specified by the
--size
option.
The default value is 10 Mbytes.
--overhead-factor
:
This option is a Wic-specific option that multiplies the
size of the partition by the option's value.
You must supply a value greater than or equal to "1".
The default value is "1.3".
--part-name
:
This option is a Wic-specific option that specifies a name
for GPT partitions.
--part-type
:
This option is a Wic-specific option that specifies the
partition type globally unique identifier (GUID) for GPT
partitions.
You can find the list of partition type GUIDs at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table#Partition_type_GUIDs.
--use-uuid
:
This option is a Wic-specific option that causes Wic to
generate a random GUID for the partition.
The generated identifier is used in the bootloader
configuration to specify the root partition.
--uuid
:
This option is a Wic-specific option that specifies the
partition UUID.
--fsuuid
:
This option is a Wic-specific option that specifies the
filesystem UUID.
You can generate or modify
WKS_FILE
with this option if a preconfigured filesystem UUID is
added to the kernel command line in the bootloader
configuration before you run Wic.
--system-id
:
This option is a Wic-specific option that specifies the
partition system ID, which is a one byte long, hexadecimal
parameter with or without the 0x prefix.
--mkfs-extraopts
:
This option specifies additional options to pass to the
mkfs
utility.
Some default options for certain filesystems do not take
effect.
See Wic's help on kickstart
(i.e. wic help kickstart
).
This command specifies how the bootloader should be configured and supports the following options:
--source
plug-ins that
implement bootloader functionality.
The bootloader command essentially provides a means of
modifying bootloader configuration.
--timeout
:
Specifies the number of seconds before the bootloader times
out and boots the default option.
--append
:
Specifies kernel parameters.
These parameters will be added to the syslinux
APPEND
or grub
kernel command line.
--configfile
:
Specifies a user-defined configuration file for the
bootloader.
You can provide a full pathname for the file or a file that
exists in the canned-wks
folder.
This option overrides all other bootloader options.
Table of Contents
When building a recipe, the OpenEmbedded build system performs various QA checks on the output to ensure that common issues are detected and reported. Sometimes when you create a new recipe to build new software, it will build with no problems. When this is not the case, or when you have QA issues building any software, it could take a little time to resolve them.
While it is tempting to ignore a QA message or even to disable QA checks, it is best to try and resolve any reported QA issues. This chapter provides a list of the QA messages and brief explanations of the issues you could encounter so that you can properly resolve problems.
The next section provides a list of all QA error and warning messages based on a default configuration. Each entry provides the message or error form along with an explanation.
At the end of each message, the name of the associated
QA test (as listed in the
"insane.bbclass
"
section) appears within square brackets.
As mentioned, this list of error and warning messages is for QA checks only. The list does not cover all possible build errors or warnings you could encounter.
Because some QA checks are disabled by default, this list does not include all possible QA check errors and warnings.
<packagename>: <path> is using libexec please relocate to <libexecdir> [libexec]
¶
The specified package contains files in
/usr/libexec
when the distro
configuration uses a different path for
<libexecdir>
By default, <libexecdir>
is
$prefix/libexec
.
However, this default can be changed (e.g.
${libdir}
).
package <packagename> contains bad RPATH <rpath> in file <file> [rpaths]
¶
The specified binary produced by the recipe contains dynamic
library load paths (rpaths) that contain build system paths
such as
TMPDIR
,
which are incorrect for the target and could potentially
be a security issue.
Check for bad -rpath
options being
passed to the linker in your
do_compile
log.
Depending on the build system used by the software being
built, there might be a configure option to disable rpath
usage completely within the build of the software.
<packagename>: <file> contains probably-redundant RPATH <rpath> [useless-rpaths]
¶
The specified binary produced by the recipe contains dynamic
library load paths (rpaths) that on a standard system are
searched by default by the linker (e.g.
/lib
and /usr/lib
).
While these paths will not cause any breakage, they do waste
space and are unnecessary.
Depending on the build system used by the software being
built, there might be a configure option to disable rpath
usage completely within the build of the software.
<packagename> requires <files>, but no providers in its RDEPENDS [file-rdeps]
¶
A file-level dependency has been identified from the
specified package on the specified files, but there is
no explicit corresponding entry in
RDEPENDS
.
If particular files are required at runtime then
RDEPENDS
should be declared in the
recipe to ensure the packages providing them are built.
<packagename1> rdepends on <packagename2>, but it isn't a build dependency? [build-deps]
¶
A runtime dependency exists between the two specified
packages, but there is nothing explicit within the recipe
to enable the OpenEmbedded build system to ensure that
dependency is satisfied.
This condition is usually triggered by an
RDEPENDS
value being added at the packaging stage rather than up
front, which is usually automatic based on the contents of
the package.
In most cases, you should change the recipe to add an
explicit RDEPENDS
for the dependency.
non -dev/-dbg/nativesdk- package contains symlink .so: <packagename> path '<path>' [dev-so]
¶
Symlink .so
files are for development
only, and should therefore go into the
-dev
package.
This situation might occur if you add
*.so*
rather than
*.so.*
to a non-dev package.
Change
FILES
(and possibly
PACKAGES
)
such that the specified .so
file goes
into an appropriate -dev
package.
<packagename>: found library in wrong location [libdir]
¶
The specified file may have been installed into an incorrect
(possibly hardcoded) installation path.
For example, this test will catch recipes that install
/lib/bar.so
when
${base_libdir}
is "lib32".
Another example is when recipes install
/usr/lib64/foo.so
when
${libdir}
is "/usr/lib".
False positives occasionally exist.
For these cases add "libdir" to
INSANE_SKIP
for the package.
non debug package contains .debug directory: <packagename> path <path> [debug-files]
¶
The specified package contains a
.debug
directory, which should not
appear in anything but the -dbg
package.
This situation might occur if you add a path which contains
a .debug
directory and do not
explicitly add the .debug
directory
to the -dbg
package.
If this is the case, add the .debug
directory explicitly to
FILES_${PN}-dbg
.
See
FILES
for additional information on FILES
.
Architecture did not match (<machine_arch> to <file_arch>) on <file> [arch]
¶
By default, the OpenEmbedded build system checks the
Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) type, bit size, and
endianness of any binaries to ensure they match the
target architecture.
This test fails if any binaries do not match the type since
there would be an incompatibility.
The test could indicate that the wrong compiler or compiler
options have been used.
Sometimes software, like bootloaders, might need to
bypass this check.
If the file you receive the error for is firmware
that is not intended to be executed within the target
operating system or is intended to run on a separate
processor within the device, you can add "arch" to
INSANE_SKIP
for the package.
Another option is to check the
do_compile
log and verify that the compiler options being used
are correct.
Bit size did not match (<machine_bits> to <file_bits>) <recipe> on <file> [arch]
¶
By default, the OpenEmbedded build system checks
the Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) type,
bit size, and endianness of any binaries to ensure
they match the target architecture.
This test fails if any binaries do not match the type since
there would be an incompatibility.
The test could indicate that the wrong compiler or compiler
options have been used.
Sometimes software, like bootloaders, might need to
bypass this check.
If the file you receive the error for is firmware that
is not intended to be executed within the target
operating system or is intended to run on a separate
processor within the device, you can add "arch" to
INSANE_SKIP
for the package.
Another option is to check the
do_compile
log and verify that the compiler options being used are
correct.
Endianness did not match (<machine_endianness> to <file_endianness>) on <file> [arch]
¶
By default, the OpenEmbedded build system checks
the Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) type, bit
size, and endianness of any binaries to ensure they
match the target architecture.
This test fails if any binaries do not match the type since
there would be an incompatibility.
The test could indicate that the wrong compiler or compiler
options have been used.
Sometimes software, like bootloaders, might need to
bypass this check.
If the file you receive the error for is firmware
that is not intended to be executed within the target
operating system or is intended to run on a separate
processor within the device, you can add "arch" to
INSANE_SKIP
for the package.
Another option is to check the
do_compile
log and verify that the compiler options being used
are correct.
ELF binary '<file>' has relocations in .text [textrel]
¶
The specified ELF binary contains relocations in its
.text
sections.
This situation can result in a performance impact
at runtime.
Typically, the way to solve this performance issue is to
add "-fPIC" or "-fpic" to the compiler command-line
options.
For example, given software that reads
CFLAGS
when you build it, you could add the following to your
recipe:
CFLAGS_append = " -fPIC "
For more information on text relocations at runtime, see http://www.akkadia.org/drepper/textrelocs.html.
No GNU_HASH in the elf binary: '<file>' [ldflags]
¶
This indicates that binaries produced when building the
recipe have not been linked with the
LDFLAGS
options provided by the build system.
Check to be sure that the LDFLAGS
variable is being passed to the linker command.
A common workaround for this situation is to pass in
LDFLAGS
using
TARGET_CC_ARCH
within the recipe as follows:
TARGET_CC_ARCH += "${LDFLAGS}"
Package <packagename> contains Xorg driver (<driver>) but no xorg-abi- dependencies [xorg-driver-abi]
¶
The specified package contains an Xorg driver, but does not
have a corresponding ABI package dependency.
The xserver-xorg recipe provides driver ABI names.
All drivers should depend on the ABI versions that they have
been built against.
Driver recipes that include
xorg-driver-input.inc
or
xorg-driver-video.inc
will
automatically get these versions.
Consequently, you should only need to explicitly add
dependencies to binary driver recipes.
The /usr/share/info/dir file is not meant to be shipped in a particular package. [infodir]
¶
The /usr/share/info/dir
should not be
packaged.
Add the following line to your
do_install
task or to your do_install_append
within the recipe as follows:
rm ${D}${infodir}/dir
Symlink <path> in <packagename> points to TMPDIR [symlink-to-sysroot]
¶
The specified symlink points into
TMPDIR
on the host.
Such symlinks will work on the host.
However, they are clearly invalid when running on
the target.
You should either correct the symlink to use a relative
path or remove the symlink.
<packagename> rdepends on <debug_packagename> [debug-deps]
¶
A dependency exists between the specified non-dbg package
(i.e. a package whose name does not end in
-dbg
) and a package that is a
dbg
package.
The dbg
packages contain
debug symbols and are brought in using several
different methods:
Using the dbg-pkgs
IMAGE_FEATURES
value.
Using
IMAGE_INSTALL
.
As a dependency of another
dbg
package that was brought
in using one of the above methods.
The dependency might have been automatically added
because the dbg
package erroneously
contains files that it should not contain (e.g. a
non-symlink .so
file) or it might
have been added manually (e.g. by adding to
RDEPENDS
).
<packagename> rdepends on <dev_packagename> [dev-deps]
¶
A dependency exists between the specified non-dev package
(a package whose name does not end in
-dev
) and a package that is a
dev
package.
The dev
packages contain development
headers and are usually brought in using several different
methods:
Using the dev-pkgs
IMAGE_FEATURES
value.
Using
IMAGE_INSTALL
.
As a dependency of another
dev
package that was brought
in using one of the above methods.
The dependency might have been automatically added (because
the dev
package erroneously contains
files that it should not have (e.g. a non-symlink
.so
file) or it might have been added
manually (e.g. by adding to
RDEPENDS
).
<var>_<packagename> is invalid: <comparison> (<value>) only comparisons <, =, >, <=, and >= are allowed [dep-cmp]
¶
If you are adding a versioned dependency relationship to one
of the dependency variables
(RDEPENDS
,
RRECOMMENDS
,
RSUGGESTS
,
RPROVIDES
,
RREPLACES
,
or
RCONFLICTS
),
you must only use the named comparison operators.
Change the versioned dependency values you are adding
to match those listed in the message.
<recipename>: The compile log indicates that host include and/or library paths were used. Please check the log '<logfile>' for more information. [compile-host-path]
¶
The log for the
do_compile
task indicates that paths on the host were searched
for files, which is not appropriate when cross-compiling.
Look for "is unsafe for cross-compilation" or "CROSS COMPILE
Badness" in the specified log file.
<recipename>: The install log indicates that host include and/or library paths were used. Please check the log '<logfile>' for more information. [install-host-path]
¶
The log for the
do_install
task indicates that paths on the host were searched
for files, which is not appropriate when cross-compiling.
Look for "is unsafe for cross-compilation"
or "CROSS COMPILE Badness" in the specified log file.
This autoconf log indicates errors, it looked at host include and/or library paths while determining system capabilities. Rerun configure task after fixing this. The path was '<path>'
¶
The log for the
do_configure
task indicates that paths on the host were searched
for files, which is not appropriate when cross-compiling.
Look for "is unsafe for cross-compilation" or
"CROSS COMPILE Badness" in the specified log file.
<packagename> doesn't match the [a-z0-9.+-]+ regex [pkgname]
¶
The convention within the OpenEmbedded build system
(sometimes enforced by the package manager itself) is to
require that package names are all lower case
and to allow a restricted set of characters.
If your recipe name does not match this, or you add
packages to
PACKAGES
that do not conform to the convention, then you
will receive this error.
Rename your recipe.
Or, if you have added a non-conforming package name to
PACKAGES
, change the package name
appropriately.
<recipe>: configure was passed unrecognized options: <options> [unknown-configure-option]
¶
The configure script is reporting that the specified
options are unrecognized.
This situation could be because the options
were previously valid but have been removed from the
configure script.
Or, there was a mistake when the options were added
and there is another option that should be used instead.
If you are unsure, consult the upstream build
documentation, the
./configure --help
output,
and the upstream change log or release notes.
Once you have worked out what the appropriate
change is, you can update
EXTRA_OECONF
,
PACKAGECONFIG_CONFARGS
,
or the individual
PACKAGECONFIG
option values accordingly.
Recipe <recipefile> has PN of "<recipename>" which is in OVERRIDES, this can result in unexpected behavior. [pn-overrides]
¶
The specified recipe has a name
(PN
)
value that appears in
OVERRIDES
.
If a recipe is named such that its PN
value matches something already in
OVERRIDES
(e.g. PN
happens to be the same as
MACHINE
or
DISTRO
),
it can have unexpected consequences.
For example, assignments such as
FILES_${PN} = "xyz"
effectively
turn into FILES = "xyz"
.
Rename your recipe (or if PN
is being
set explicitly, change the PN
value) so
that the conflict does not occur.
See
FILES
for additional information.
<recipefile>: Variable <variable> is set as not being package specific, please fix this. [pkgvarcheck]
¶
Certain variables
(RDEPENDS
,
RRECOMMENDS
,
RSUGGESTS
,
RCONFLICTS
,
RPROVIDES
,
RREPLACES
,
FILES
,
pkg_preinst
,
pkg_postinst
,
pkg_prerm
,
pkg_postrm
, and
ALLOW_EMPTY
)
should always be set specific to a package (i.e. they
should be set with a package name override such as
RDEPENDS_${PN} = "value"
rather than
RDEPENDS = "value"
).
If you receive this error, correct any assignments to these
variables within your recipe.
File '<file>' from <recipename> was already stripped, this will prevent future debugging! [already-stripped]
¶
Produced binaries have already been stripped prior to the
build system extracting debug symbols.
It is common for upstream software projects to default to
stripping debug symbols for output binaries.
In order for debugging to work on the target using
-dbg
packages, this stripping must be
disabled.
Depending on the build system used by the software being built, disabling this stripping could be as easy as specifying an additional configure option. If not, disabling stripping might involve patching the build scripts. In the latter case, look for references to "strip" or "STRIP", or the "-s" or "-S" command-line options being specified on the linker command line (possibly through the compiler command line if preceded with "-Wl,").
-dbg
package,
it will then strip the symbols from the binaries.
<recipename>: Files/directories were installed but not shipped in any package [installed-vs-shipped]
¶
Files have been installed within the
do_install
task but have not been included in any package by way of the
FILES
variable.
Files that do not appear in any package cannot be present in
an image later on in the build process.
You need to do one of the following:
Add the files to FILES
for the
package you want them to appear in (e.g.
FILES_${
PN
}
for the main
package).
Delete the files at the end of the
do_install
task if the files
are not needed in any package.
<oldpackage>-<oldpkgversion> was registered as shlib provider for <library>, changing it to <newpackage>-<newpkgversion> because it was built later
¶
This message means that both
<oldpackage>
and
<newpackage>
provide the specified
shared library.
You can expect this message when a recipe has been renamed.
However, if that is not the case, the message might indicate
that a private version of a library is being erroneously
picked up as the provider for a common library.
If that is the case, you should add the library's
.so
file name to
PRIVATE_LIBS
in the recipe that provides
the private version of the library.
You can configure the QA checks globally so that specific check
failures either raise a warning or an error message, using the
WARN_QA
and
ERROR_QA
variables, respectively.
You can also disable checks within a particular recipe using
INSANE_SKIP
.
For information on how to work with the QA checks, see the
"insane.bbclass
"
section.
The OpenEmbedded build system provides several example
images to satisfy different needs.
When you issue the bitbake
command you provide a “top-level” recipe
that essentially begins the build for the type of image you want.
local.conf
file before using the BitBake
command to build the minimal or base image:
1. Comment out the EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES line 2. Set INCOMPATIBLE_LICENSE = "GPL-3.0 LGPL-3.0 AGPL-3.0"
From within the poky
Git repository, you can use
the following command to display the list of directories within the
Source Directory
that contain image recipe files:
$ ls meta*/recipes*/images/*.bb
Following is a list of supported recipes:
build-appliance-image
:
An example virtual machine that contains all the pieces
required to run builds using the build system as well as the
build system itself.
You can boot and run the image using either the
VMware Player
or
VMware Workstation.
For more information on this image, see the
Build Appliance
page on the Yocto Project website.
core-image-base
:
A console-only image that fully supports the target device hardware.
core-image-clutter
:
An image with support for the Open GL-based toolkit Clutter, which enables development of
rich and animated graphical user interfaces.
core-image-full-cmdline
:
A console-only image with more full-featured Linux system
functionality installed.
core-image-lsb
:
An image that conforms to the Linux Standard Base (LSB)
specification.
This image requires a distribution configuration that
enables LSB compliance (e.g. poky-lsb
).
If you build core-image-lsb
without that
configuration, the image will not be LSB-compliant.
core-image-lsb-dev
:
A core-image-lsb
image that is suitable for development work
using the host.
The image includes headers and libraries you can use in a host development
environment.
This image requires a distribution configuration that
enables LSB compliance (e.g. poky-lsb
).
If you build core-image-lsb-dev
without that
configuration, the image will not be LSB-compliant.
core-image-lsb-sdk
:
A core-image-lsb
that includes everything in
the cross-toolchain but also includes development headers and libraries
to form a complete standalone SDK.
This image requires a distribution configuration that
enables LSB compliance (e.g. poky-lsb
).
If you build core-image-lsb-sdk
without that
configuration, the image will not be LSB-compliant.
This image is suitable for development using the target.
core-image-minimal
:
A small image just capable of allowing a device to boot.
core-image-minimal-dev
:
A core-image-minimal
image suitable for development work
using the host.
The image includes headers and libraries you can use in a host development
environment.
core-image-minimal-initramfs
:
A core-image-minimal
image that has the Minimal RAM-based
Initial Root Filesystem (initramfs) as part of the kernel,
which allows the system to find the first “init” program more efficiently.
See the
PACKAGE_INSTALL
variable for additional information helpful when working with
initramfs images.
core-image-minimal-mtdutils
:
A core-image-minimal
image that has support
for the Minimal MTD Utilities, which let the user interact with the
MTD subsystem in the kernel to perform operations on flash devices.
core-image-rt
:
A core-image-minimal
image plus a real-time test suite and
tools appropriate for real-time use.
core-image-rt-sdk
:
A core-image-rt
image that includes everything in
the cross-toolchain.
The image also includes development headers and libraries to form a complete
stand-alone SDK and is suitable for development using the target.
core-image-sato
:
An image with Sato support, a mobile environment and visual style that works well
with mobile devices.
The image supports X11 with a Sato theme and applications such as
a terminal, editor, file manager, media player, and so forth.
core-image-sato-dev
:
A core-image-sato
image suitable for development
using the host.
The image includes libraries needed to build applications on the device itself,
testing and profiling tools, and debug symbols.
This image was formerly core-image-sdk
.
core-image-sato-sdk
:
A core-image-sato
image that includes everything in
the cross-toolchain.
The image also includes development headers and libraries to form a complete standalone SDK
and is suitable for development using the target.
core-image-testmaster
:
A "master" image designed to be used for automated runtime testing.
Provides a "known good" image that is deployed to a separate
partition so that you can boot into it and use it to deploy a
second image to be tested.
You can find more information about runtime testing in the
"Performing Automated Runtime Testing"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
core-image-testmaster-initramfs
:
A RAM-based Initial Root Filesystem (initramfs) image tailored for
use with the core-image-testmaster
image.
core-image-weston
:
A very basic Wayland image with a terminal.
This image provides the Wayland protocol libraries and the
reference Weston compositor.
For more information, see the
"Using Wayland and Weston"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
core-image-x11
:
A very basic X11 image with a terminal.
Table of Contents
This chapter provides a reference of shipped machine and distro features you can include as part of your image, a reference on image features you can select, and a reference on feature backfilling.
Features provide a mechanism for working out which packages
should be included in the generated images.
Distributions can select which features they want to support through the
DISTRO_FEATURES
variable, which is set or appended to in a distribution's configuration file such as
poky.conf
,
poky-tiny.conf
,
poky-lsb.conf
and so forth.
Machine features are set in the
MACHINE_FEATURES
variable, which is set in the machine configuration file and
specifies the hardware features for a given machine.
These two variables combine to work out which kernel modules, utilities, and other packages to include. A given distribution can support a selected subset of features so some machine features might not be included if the distribution itself does not support them.
One method you can use to determine which recipes are checking to see if a
particular feature is contained or not is to grep
through
the Metadata
for the feature.
Here is an example that discovers the recipes whose build is potentially
changed based on a given feature:
$ cd poky
$ git grep 'contains.*MACHINE_FEATURES.*feature
'
The items below are features you can use with
MACHINE_FEATURES
.
Features do not have a one-to-one correspondence to packages, and they can
go beyond simply controlling the installation of a package or packages.
Sometimes a feature can influence how certain recipes are built.
For example, a feature might determine whether a particular configure option
is specified within the
do_configure
task for a particular recipe.
This feature list only represents features as shipped with the Yocto Project metadata:
acpi: Hardware has ACPI (x86/x86_64 only)
alsa: Hardware has ALSA audio drivers
apm: Hardware uses APM (or APM emulation)
bluetooth: Hardware has integrated BT
efi: Support for booting through EFI
ext2: Hardware HDD or Microdrive
irda: Hardware has IrDA support
keyboard: Hardware has a keyboard
pcbios: Support for booting through BIOS
pci: Hardware has a PCI bus
pcmcia: Hardware has PCMCIA or CompactFlash sockets
phone: Mobile phone (voice) support
qvga: Machine has a QVGA (320x240) display
rtc: Machine has a Real-Time Clock
screen: Hardware has a screen
serial: Hardware has serial support (usually RS232)
touchscreen: Hardware has a touchscreen
usbgadget: Hardware is USB gadget device capable
usbhost: Hardware is USB Host capable
vfat: FAT file system support
wifi: Hardware has integrated WiFi
The items below are features you can use with
DISTRO_FEATURES
to enable features across your distribution.
Features do not have a one-to-one correspondence to packages,
and they can go beyond simply controlling the installation of a
package or packages.
In most cases, the presence or absence of a feature translates to
the appropriate option supplied to the configure script during the
do_configure
task for the recipes that optionally
support the feature.
Some distro features are also machine features.
These select features make sense to be controlled both at
the machine and distribution configuration level.
See the
COMBINED_FEATURES
variable for more information.
This list only represents features as shipped with the Yocto Project metadata:
alsa: Include ALSA support (OSS compatibility kernel modules installed if available).
api-documentation:
Enables generation of API documentation during recipe
builds.
The resulting documentation is added to SDK tarballs
when the
bitbake -c populate_sdk
command
is used.
See the
"Adding API Documentation to the Standard SDK"
section in the Yocto Project Application Development and
the Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK) manual.
bluetooth: Include bluetooth support (integrated BT only).
bluez5: Include BlueZ Version 5, which provides core Bluetooth layers and protocols support.
DISTRO FEATURES
variable includes
"bluetooth", which causes bluez5 to be backfilled in
for bluetooth support.
If you do not want bluez5 backfilled and would rather
use bluez4, you need to use the
DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED
variable as follows:
DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED = "bluez5"Setting this variable tells the OpenEmbedded build system that you have considered but ruled out using the bluez5 feature and that bluez4 will be used.
cramfs: Include CramFS support.
directfb: Include DirectFB support.
ext2: Include tools for supporting for devices with internal HDD/Microdrive for storing files (instead of Flash only devices).
ipsec: Include IPSec support.
ipv6: Include IPv6 support.
irda: Include IrDA support.
keyboard: Include keyboard support (e.g. keymaps will be loaded during boot).
ldconfig:
Include support for ldconfig and
ld.so.conf
on the target.
nfs: Include NFS client support (for mounting NFS exports on device).
opengl: Include the Open Graphics Library, which is a cross-language, multi-platform application programming interface used for rendering two and three-dimensional graphics.
pci: Include PCI bus support.
pcmcia: Include PCMCIA/CompactFlash support.
ppp: Include PPP dialup support.
ptest: Enables building the package tests where supported by individual recipes. For more information on package tests, see the "Testing Packages With ptest" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
smbfs: Include SMB networks client support (for mounting Samba/Microsoft Windows shares on device).
systemd: Include support
for this init
manager, which is a full
replacement of for init
with parallel
starting of services, reduced shell overhead, and other
features.
This init
manager is used by many
distributions.
usbgadget: Include USB Gadget Device support (for USB networking/serial/storage).
usbhost: Include USB Host support (allows to connect external keyboard, mouse, storage, network etc).
wayland: Include the Wayland display server protocol and the library that supports it.
wifi: Include WiFi support (integrated only).
x11: Include the X server and libraries.
The contents of images generated by the OpenEmbedded build system
can be controlled by the
IMAGE_FEATURES
and
EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES
variables that you typically configure in your image recipes.
Through these variables, you can add several different
predefined packages such as development utilities or packages with
debug information needed to investigate application problems or
profile applications.
The following image features are available for all images:
allow-empty-password: Allows Dropbear and OpenSSH to accept root logins and logins from accounts having an empty password string.
dbg-pkgs: Installs debug symbol packages for all packages installed in a given image.
debug-tweaks: Makes an image suitable for development (e.g. allows root logins without passwords and enables post-installation logging). See the 'allow-empty-password', 'empty-root-password', and 'post-install-logging' features in this list for additional information.
dev-pkgs: Installs development packages (headers and extra library links) for all packages installed in a given image.
doc-pkgs: Installs documentation packages for all packages installed in a given image.
empty-root-password: Sets the root password to an empty string, which allows logins with a blank password.
package-management: Installs package management tools and preserves the package manager database.
post-install-logging:
Enables logging postinstall script runs to
the /var/log/postinstall.log
file
on first boot of the image on the target system.
/var/log
directory
on the target persistent, use the
VOLATILE_LOG_DIR
variable by setting it to "no".
ptest-pkgs: Installs ptest packages for all ptest-enabled recipes.
read-only-rootfs: Creates an image whose root filesystem is read-only. See the "Creating a Read-Only Root Filesystem" section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual for more information.
splash:
Enables showing a splash screen during boot.
By default, this screen is provided by
psplash
, which does allow
customization.
If you prefer to use an alternative splash screen package,
you can do so by setting the SPLASH
variable to a different package name (or names) within the
image recipe or at the distro configuration level.
staticdev-pkgs:
Installs static development packages, which are
static libraries (i.e. *.a
files), for
all packages installed in a given image.
Some image features are available only when you inherit the
core-image
class.
The current list of these valid features is as follows:
eclipse-debug: Provides Eclipse remote debugging support.
hwcodecs: Installs hardware acceleration codecs.
nfs-server: Installs an NFS server.
perf:
Installs profiling tools such as
perf
, systemtap
,
and LTTng
.
For general information on user-space tools, see the
Yocto Project Application Development and the Extensible Software Development Kit (eSDK)
manual.
ssh-server-dropbear: Installs the Dropbear minimal SSH server.
ssh-server-openssh:
Installs the OpenSSH SSH server, which is more
full-featured than Dropbear.
Note that if both the OpenSSH SSH server and the Dropbear
minimal SSH server are present in
IMAGE_FEATURES
, then OpenSSH will take
precedence and Dropbear will not be installed.
tools-debug:
Installs debugging tools such as
strace
and gdb
.
For information on GDB, see the
"Debugging With the GNU Project Debugger (GDB) Remotely"
section in the Yocto Project Development Tasks Manual.
For information on tracing and profiling, see the
Yocto Project Profiling and Tracing Manual.
tools-sdk: Installs a full SDK that runs on the device.
tools-testapps: Installs device testing tools (e.g. touchscreen debugging).
x11: Installs the X server.
x11-base: Installs the X server with a minimal environment.
x11-sato: Installs the OpenedHand Sato environment.
Sometimes it is necessary in the OpenEmbedded build system to extend
MACHINE_FEATURES
or DISTRO_FEATURES
to control functionality that was previously enabled and not able
to be disabled.
For these cases, we need to add an
additional feature item to appear in one of these variables,
but we do not want to force developers who have existing values
of the variables in their configuration to add the new feature
in order to retain the same overall level of functionality.
Thus, the OpenEmbedded build system has a mechanism to
automatically "backfill" these added features into existing
distro or machine configurations.
You can see the list of features for which this is done by
finding the
DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL
and MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL
variables in the meta/conf/bitbake.conf
file.
Because such features are backfilled by default into all
configurations as described in the previous paragraph, developers
who wish to disable the new features need to be able to selectively
prevent the backfilling from occurring.
They can do this by adding the undesired feature or features to the
DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED
or MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED
variables for distro features and machine features respectively.
Here are two examples to help illustrate feature backfilling:
The "pulseaudio" distro feature option:
Previously, PulseAudio support was enabled within the Qt and
GStreamer frameworks.
Because of this, the feature is backfilled and thus
enabled for all distros through the
DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL
variable in the meta/conf/bitbake.conf
file.
However, your distro needs to disable the feature.
You can disable the feature without affecting
other existing distro configurations that need PulseAudio support
by adding "pulseaudio" to
DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED
in your distro's .conf
file.
Adding the feature to this variable when it also
exists in the DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL
variable prevents the build system from adding the feature to
your configuration's DISTRO_FEATURES
, effectively disabling
the feature for that particular distro.
The "rtc" machine feature option:
Previously, real time clock (RTC) support was enabled for all
target devices.
Because of this, the feature is backfilled and thus enabled
for all machines through the MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL
variable in the meta/conf/bitbake.conf
file.
However, your target device does not have this capability.
You can disable RTC support for your device without
affecting other machines that need RTC support
by adding the feature to your machine's
MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED
list in the machine's .conf
file.
Adding the feature to this variable when it also
exists in the MACHINE_FEATURES_BACKFILL
variable prevents the build system from adding the feature to
your configuration's MACHINE_FEATURES
, effectively
disabling RTC support for that particular machine.
Table of Contents
This chapter lists common variables used in the OpenEmbedded build system and gives an overview of their function and contents.
A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W X
Extension to the Application Binary Interface (ABI) field of the GNU canonical architecture name (e.g. "eabi").
ABI extensions are set in the machine include files.
For example, the
meta/conf/machine/include/arm/arch-arm.inc
file sets the following extension:
ABIEXTENSION = "eabi"